EMT HOSA

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contraindication

reasons not to use a medication

aspirin

prevents platelets in the blood from clotting

boots and back braces

accessories that EMTs use when lifting a pateint

actions in controlling airway

opening and securing

hypoperfusion

inadequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients

examples of PPE (personal protective equipment)

pocket mask (covers mouth and part of your nose)

mask (whole face)

gloves

gown

basic skills for emt

infection control

airway control

ventilation

bleeding control

parenteral

inhalation and injection of medience

6 emergency way to carry a patient

1. rescuer assist

2. pack strap

3. cradle carry

4. the firefighter carry

5. seat carry

6. chair carry

oropharyngeal

disposable molded plastic device designed to help keep the tongue off the roof of the mouth

diastolic

pressure in the arteries immediately after the pulse

on-line medical control

physician is there with the EMT

neurogenic shock

vessels are dilated losing pressure and ability to pump blood against gravity

extrinsic diseases

diseases that are contagious and able to spread

bronchodilators

increases airflow by increasing bronchioles diameter (i.e. inhaler)

direct lift

from floor to bed

discs

shock absorbers in the back that can cause pain

what do you administer if there is respiratory difficulty or patient suspected to be in shock, had stroke or seizure

oxygen

Vector

a living creature involved in the transmission of the disease (humans, dogs, cats, chicken)

crowing

a sound that can occur when muscles around the larynx spasm

Auscultation

the act of listening

vital signs

should be repeated every 10-15 minutes

snoring

tongue blocks the airway

septic shock

caused by an infection that results in dilated blood vessels

EMTs should be able to lift at least ____lbs

125

signs of shock

tachycardia (rapid heart rate)

tachypnea (rapid breathing)

nausea

thirst

confusion

cool and pale skin

questions when handling medication

right medication? right patient? right route? right date? right dose?

tracheostomy and stoma

holes that are surgically created and used to create airways

normal breathing rate (adult)

12-20 bpm

normal breathing rate (child)

15-30 bpm

normal breathing rate (infant)

25-50 bpm

sequence for basic airway control

open

asses

suction

secure

OPQRST (history of present illness)

onset - what were u doing when it started?

provokes - triggers?

quality of discomfort

radiation - where is the pain? did it spread?

severity- 1 to 10

time - when did it start?

SAMPLE (past medical history)

Signs and Symptoms

Allergies

Medication

Past medical history

Last oral intake

Events leading to the illness

systole

pressure in the arteries during the contraction phase

cardiogenic shock

result of inadequate pumping of the heart

neurological, brain, and eye injures alters ______

pupil dialation

normal blood pressure

90-150/60-90

prophylaxis

treatment after exposure to prevent the likelihood of EMT becoming ill

treatment of shock

reduce heat loss, control bleeding, and oxygenation

reassessment

should be done five minutes after the medication is administered

enteral

ingestion of medications

nitroglycerin

dilates blood vessels, can be used during a heart attack, can reduce blood pressure

anaphylaxis

brought on by exposure to something to which the patient is extremely allergic

epinephrine

dilates airways and constricts blood vessels, creates a simulated fight or flight reaction, used to treat extreme allergies

normal pulse rate (adults)

60-110 bpm

four emergency ways to drag a pateint

clothing, blanket, arm, firefighters

cricoid pressure

shouldn't be used during cardiac arrect

what can determine an obstruction of the airway

abnormal sounds

compression rate

100 compressions per min

Braxton Hicks contractions

Irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus

Placenta previa

Condition in which the placenta is formed in an abnormal location that will not allow for normal delivery of the fetus causing an excessive amount of pre-birth bleeding

Preeclampsia

A complication of pregnancy in which the women retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension. She may also experience seizures and or comas during birth which is very dangerous to the infant

Premature infant

Any newborn wingless in 5 1/2 pounds or born before the 37th week of pregnancy

Amount of blood in adult

4 Liters

Amount of blood in a newborn

335 mL

AVPU

Alert voice pain unresponsiveness

Hyphema

Blood that is in front of the eye

Hypoxia

Insufficient amount of oxygen in the body's tissues

Diaphoretic

Induced perspiration (sweat)

Avulsion

Flaps of skin and tissue are torn loose or pulled off completely

Hematoma

Swelling of blood

Phlebo-

Vein

Cephalo-

Head

Entero-

Intestines

PCR

Patient Care Report

Dilated pupils

May indicate , blood loss, drugs, prescription eyedrops

Constricted pupils

Drugs (narcotics), prescription eyedrops

Unequal pupils

Stroke, head injury, artificial eye, prescription eyedrops

Lack of reactivity in the pupils

Drugs, lack of oxygen to the brain

Where do you palpate last

The area that the patient indicated was hurting

Jaundice

Deliver becomes overwhelmed by the breakdown in red blood cells resulting in the yellowish pigmentation of body tissue

Renal failure

Occurs when kidneys lose their ability to adequately filter the blood and remove toxins in excess fluid from the body

Dialysis

The process by which toxins in excess fluid are removed from the body by medical system independent of the kidneys

Shunt

Drange device that runs from the brain to the abdomen to relieve excess cerebrospinal fluid

Perfusion

Supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from the body cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Direct pressure

Most common and effective way to control external bleeding

Central rewarming

Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of the hypothermic patient

At about what temperature does electrical activity in the brain become abnormal

91.5°F

Supine

Lying on the back

Prone

Lying facedown

Recovery position(lateral recombent)

Lying on the side

Fowler position

A sitting position

assess ventilations on adult patients when

Patients are breathing less than 8 bpm and over 24 bpm

COPD

Progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe

Pulmonary edema

Fluid in the lungs

CPR Should be

Five cylces of 30 compressions to two breaths or for two minutes

Fibrillation

Irregular contractions or impulses from the heat

30%

Amount of normal bloodflow CPR provides

Asystole

Heart stops breathing and there is no electrical activity

Contraindications for AED

Children under 1, patients suffering from trauma

Trauma

Most serious injuries that threaten life or limb and usually involves blood loss

No pulse

Indicates perform CPR

AED

Can be used with an artificial pacemaker

Medication patches

Should be removed before AED is used

Thrombus

Blood clot

Noncardiac chest pain

Pneumonia, rib fracture, pneumothorax, pleurisy, esophageal spasm, gastric ulcer disease.

Assessment for patient in respiratory distress (unresponsive)

Primary assesment, rapid physical examination, baseline vital signs, and history

Congestive heart failure causes

Fluid swelling

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

Sudden, cool moist skin, pupils dilated, elevated blood pressure