Ansc 301 Minerals

Most bioavailable mierals

sulfates

least bioavailable minerals

oxides

macro minerals

Ca Mg Na K P Cl S

analyse and essential mineral

remove mineral → resulting abnormality → add it back → deficiency gone

minerals in skeletal structure

P Ca Mg

minerals with osmotic pressure

Na, K, Mg

Non essentail that accumulate in bone and can be toxic

Al, Sb, Pb, Hg

Narrow requirement field

more toxic

Mineral excretion

feces - absorbed and nonabsorbed

urine - absorbes

sweat - Na Cl

Body is ——-% minerals mostly ——-

3-4%, Ca and P in bone

Ca 1% in circulation

“Ca contract, relax retract”

Ca sources

Dairy, limestone, animal products, roughages

hydroxyapatite crystal

when Mg and F replace Ca in bone

Ca:P

2:1

Ca blood redulation

drop calcitonin, raise parathyroid hormone, and 1,25 D to maintains

Ca deficiency

similar to vit D, rickets, osteomalasia, osteoperosis

rumen high in fats

less Ca absorbtion, secondary

milk fever

Blood Ca drop during milk synthesis

Phosphorous sources

low in roughages, high in concentrtaes

P function

similar to Ca

P challenges

P in roughages unavailable bc phytate phosphorous binded, Phytase enzyme in rumen make available

Al and P

Al bind to P to make secondary deficiency

K fucntion

Na K ion channels

K sources

2/3 skin, animal products

Anion gab

K and Na

K toxicity

udder edema, tetany

grass tetany

too much K in new grass block Mg absorbtion

Pica

salt craving low Na

Na in diet

used as an intake regulator, eat until thirst

Sulfer toxicity

ruminants, poleoencephalomalacia, reinhailation to S gas, sulfer is thiominase

poleoencephalomalacia

B1, S, Pb sulfer is thiominase, thiomin deficiency

Most common source of Mg

MgO bioavailable oxide, forage and grain

Mg function

mg bound ATP is active, arginase make urea (not uric acid)

Fe storage

Ferritin

Fe transportation

transferrin

Fe unit

hemoglobin and myoglobin carry oxygen

Fe source

spinach green leafy

Fe deficiency

labored breathing (want more oxygen) enlarged heart

baby pig anemia

large litters born with not enough iron in placenta

Cu in blood

bound to ceruloplasmin

Cu storage in body

liver, muscle, bone

Cu function

Cytochrome C oxidase in ECT (deficiency is low energy), improve weight gain

Cu absorbtion

ruminant< adult< young active transport in SI

Cu antagonist

phytate

Cu compete with

Zn and Mo

Cu animal prone to toxicity

sheep and bedlington terrier

Mo

urinc acid

only FDA regulated mineral

Se

Se sources

Soil and seleniferous plants

Se function

Glutathione peroxidase (Se and Vit E sparing effect)

Se deficiency

vitamin E deficiency effect

Se toxicity

damages hooves

F teeth

sub out Ca in teeth harden

Co paired with

B12, ruminants need to synthesis

I function

T3 and T4 thyroid glands

I weight

heaviest

I deficiency

stillborn hairless, enlarged thyroid

T4 → T3

Se

Mn deficiency

chicken slipped tendon

Zn function

keratinization

Zn absorbtion

active, inhibited by phytase, ca, fe, cu

Zn excretion

intact in feces, despite used or not

parakeratosis

Zn deficiency

Al deposit

mobilize P from bone, weaken it

As

pesticide

White tailed Ptarmigan

accumulation of Cd make brittle bones bc interfere with Fe

Mo

uric acid cycle

metallothionein

control Cu and Zn absorbtion