Unit 5 Study Guide - US Imperialism & WW1 - HUSH

motivations for US imperialism

wanted to secure markets, needed raw materials, emotional needs (domestic tensions such as depression, farmer strikes), nationalism & social darwinism, spread of christianity, land hunger, and employment

US imperialism

Alaska, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, Wake Island, Philippines

Kipling's "White Man's Burden"

poem about the Philippine-American war encouraging colonization of the Pilippines

Spanish-American war

marked America's emergence as a world power, caused by economic tensions, militarism, yellow journalism about Spanish control, The DeLome letter, and the tragedy of the USS Maine

yellow journalism

competition for sales between rival newspapers, exaggerated stories

DeLome letter

published by the press and insulted McKinley

Roosevelt and the rough riders

organized voluntary cavalry in the Spanish-American war

Treaty of Paris

Spain let go of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the US for $20M

Platt Amendment

addition to Cuban constitution that brought extended american supervision over cuban affairs and the right to lease a military base at guantanamo bay

Philippine-American war

occurred after the Philippine Revolution against Spain. Philippines were angry about the Treaty of Paris because they were told they'd be independent

John Hay

Secretary of State for McKinley and Roosevelt who negotiated the Open Door Policy and helped plan for the Panama Canal. He called the Spanish-American War "splendid and little"

Open Door Policy

protected the rights of all countries to trade equally with China and confirming multi-national acknowledgment of China's administration and territorial sovereignty

Boxer Rebellion

goal was for foreign influence with china to end. US took leading role in multi-national effort to put it down and alienated the chinese.

Panama Canal Contraction

Colombia didn't accept payment from US for it, so US supported the revolution in said country. After said country was independent, the revolt leader signed a treaty with the US with permission for it.

Big Stick Diplomacy

(Roosevelt) concept was to have strong military to support diplomatic issues

Dollar Diplomacy

(Taft) promised to protect American business investments in Latin America with guarantee of US intervention if problems arose. Increased American investment and control in Latin America.

Moral Diplomacy

(Wilson) used to intervene in Mexico and supported economic interests of American businessmen in the Western Hemisphere.

Nationalism

cause of WW1, love and pride of one's nation (pushed competition)

Militarism

cause of WW1, competition among states in regard to military strength

Alliance System

cause of WW1, Tripe Entente and Central Powers. Caused by competition and paranoia in European nations

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, Russia

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

next in line to be emperor of Austria-Hungary, assassinated by Bosnian in the Black Hand mafia

The Great War (WW1)

america tried to stay neutral, took sides with Britain because they had trade relations, Germans sunk Lusitania, Germany tried to get Mexico to attack, unrestricted submarine warfare, US wanted the world safe for democracy, americans were only passionate about soldiers, used anti-German measures and Sedition Act

Trench Warfare

uses occupied fighting lines largely compromising military trenches where troops are protected

Lusitania

British passenger ship sunk by German U-boat killing lots of people, some of which were american

Zimmerman Note

telegram from Germany asking Mexico to attack US in return for land but was intercepted by Britain

Black Jack Pershing

encouraged going in convoy, first general to train and came up with concept of boot camp

Russian Revolution

took place in former Russian Empire due to inflation and shortages as well as other heavy losses as a result of WW1

Selected Service Act

drafted men at 18+ age for WW1, and was a way to make americans more passionate about it

Sedition Acts

restricted rights of americans to voice their ideological objections to the war effort and contributed to post-war Red Scare

14 Point Plan

(Wilson) thought they would eliminate causes of war, wanted to create a lasting peace, lead to creation of League of Nations

League of Nations

would be a congress made up of all nations meant to prevent war

Treaty of Versailles

Germany had to accept all war guilt and was made to pay $30B in war reparations. new national borders drawn based on self determination of people

War-Guilt clause

part of the Treaty of Versailles, they states that Germany was responsible for WW1

Herbert Hoover

Republican politician, served in senate, made crusade against Treaty of Versailles, and made sure the US never joined League of Nations

Dawes (and Young) Plan

the US helped to make it possible for Germans to continue to pay war reparations through loan program

Alfred Thayer Mahan

naval commander who pushed for an expanded navy to prepare America for involvement worldwide