Jan 21 Pt 1 (Jan 16 Pt 2)

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule?

D) Water

What is true about organic macromolecules?

A) They are composed of regular subunits.

Which of the following is NOT a group of macromolecules?

D) Nucleotides

Which of the following is a function of lipids?

A) Long-term energy storage

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

D) Amino acids

Which lipid structure consists of a glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids?

C) Triglycerides

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

B) The fatty acid tails

What is the basic chemical formula for carbohydrates?

A) (CH2O)n

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?

A)short term energy

Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

B) Glucose

What is the bond formed between two monosaccharides?

D) Glycosidic bond

What happens in a dehydration reaction of sucrose?

A) Water is formed and bonds two monosaccharides.

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

C) Glycogen

What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?

B) To store energy

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide in plants?

C) Cellulose

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

C) Long-term energy storage

Proteins are composed of what monomers?

C) Amino acids

How many amino acids are used by most organisms in protein synthesis?

C) 20

What bond is formed between two amino acids?

B) Peptide bond

Which of the following is true about the primary structure of a protein?

B) It is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Which of the following refers to the secondary structure of a protein?

C) The folding of the polypeptide chain into α-helices and β-pleated sheets.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein determined by?

B) The interactions between amino acid side chains.

Which level of protein structure involves the association of multiple polypeptide chains?

D) Quaternary

Which of the following are the two types of nucleic acids?

A) DNA and RNA

What are nucleic acids composed of?

C) Nucleotides containing a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

B) Phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

What is the function of DNA?

A) To store genetic information.

What is the structure of RNA compared to DNA?

B) RNA is single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded.

Which of the following base pairs occurs in DNA?

C) A - T.

What type of bond holds the two strands of a DNA double helix together?

B) Hydrogen bonds.

In DNA, how many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine (C) and guanine (G)?

C) 3.

What is ATP classified as?

B) A nucleic acid.

True or False: Proteins are composed of amino acids.

True

True or False: DNA is a single-stranded molecule.

False

Explain the difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide.

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, whereas polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units.

Describe the role of phospholipids in the cell membrane.

Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of cell membranes, with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Explain how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids.

A peptide bond is formed through a dehydration reaction, where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another, releasing water.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy.

What is the function of buffers in relation to pH?

Buffers help to maintain a stable pH level in biological systems.

Describe the relationship between the sequence of amino acids and the structure of a protein.

The sequence of amino acids determines the protein's structure and function due to the way amino acids interact and fold into specific shapes.