Jan 21 Pt 1 (Jan 16 Pt 2)

General Questions About Organic Macromolecules

  1. Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule? A) Lipids
    B) Carbohydrates
    C) Proteins
    D) Water

  2. What is true about organic macromolecules? A) They are composed of regular subunits.
    B) They are hydrophobic.
    C) They are made of simple sugars only.
    D) They are all hydrophilic.

  3. Which of the following is NOT a group of macromolecules? A) Fats (Triglycerides)
    B) Phospholipids
    C) Steroids
    D) Nucleotides

Lipids

  1. Which of the following is a function of lipids? A) Long-term energy storage
    B) Cell wall formation
    C) Nucleic acid synthesis
    D) Communication between cells

  2. Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? A) Triglycerides
    B) Phospholipids
    C) Waxes
    D) Amino acids

  3. Which lipid structure consists of a glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids? A) Phospholipids
    B) Waxes
    C) Triglycerides
    D) Steroids

  4. Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic? A) The glycerol head
    B) The fatty acid tails
    C) The phosphate group
    D) The hydrophilic tail

Carbohydrates

  1. What is the basic chemical formula for carbohydrates? A) (CH2O)n
    B) (C6H12O6)
    C) CH3OH
    D) C5H10O5

  2. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates? A) Long-term energy storage
    B) Catalyzing reactions
    C) Forming cell membranes
    D) Transporting oxygen

  3. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? A) Sucrose
    B) Glucose
    C) Lactose
    D) Glycogen

  4. What is the bond formed between two monosaccharides? A) Ionic bond
    B) Hydrogen bond
    C) Peptide bond
    D) Glycosidic bond

  5. What happens in a dehydration reaction of sucrose? A) Water is formed and bonds two monosaccharides.
    B) Water is used to break the bond between monosaccharides.
    C) A new sugar molecule is created.
    D) The molecule becomes a polysaccharide.

  6. Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A) Sucrose
    B) Glucose
    C) Glycogen
    D) Fructose

  7. What is the primary function of glycogen in animals? A) To store genetic information
    B) To store energy
    C) To form cell walls
    D) To provide structural support

  8. Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide in plants? A) Amylose
    B) Glycogen
    C) Cellulose
    D) Chitin

Proteins

  1. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Structural support
    B) Enzymatic catalysis
    C) Long-term energy storage
    D) Defense and offense

  2. Proteins are composed of what monomers? A) Nucleotides
    B) Fatty acids
    C) Amino acids
    D) Monosaccharides

  3. How many amino acids are used by most organisms in protein synthesis? A) 10
    B) 15
    C) 20
    D) 25

  4. What bond is formed between two amino acids? A) Hydrogen bond
    B) Peptide bond
    C) Covalent bond
    D) Disulfide bridge

  5. Which of the following is true about the primary structure of a protein? A) It refers to the three-dimensional folding of the protein.
    B) It is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
    C) It is the bonding between multiple polypeptide chains.
    D) It involves the interactions between side chains of amino acids.

  6. Which of the following refers to the secondary structure of a protein? A) The sequence of amino acids in a chain
    B) The three-dimensional shape of the protein
    C) The folding of the polypeptide chain into α-helices and β-pleated sheets
    D) The interaction of multiple polypeptide chains

  7. What is the tertiary structure of a protein determined by? A) The primary sequence of amino acids
    B) The interactions between amino acid side chains
    C) The formation of peptide bonds
    D) The quaternary structure

  8. Which level of protein structure involves the association of multiple polypeptide chains? A) Primary
    B) Secondary
    C) Tertiary
    D) Quaternary

Nucleic Acids

  1. Which of the following are the two types of nucleic acids? A) DNA and RNA
    B) DNA and Proteins
    C) RNA and Carbohydrates
    D) RNA and Lipids

  2. What are nucleic acids composed of? A) Fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate groups
    B) Amino acids linked by peptide bonds
    C) Nucleotides containing a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base
    D) Monosaccharides and glycosidic bonds

  3. What are the three components of a nucleotide? A) Sugar, amino acid, and peptide
    B) Phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base
    C) Glycerol, fatty acid, and phosphate
    D) Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

  4. What is the function of DNA? A) To store genetic information
    B) To act as an enzyme
    C) To store energy
    D) To form the cell membrane

  5. What is the structure of RNA compared to DNA? A) RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
    B) RNA is single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded.
    C) Both are double-stranded.
    D) Both are single-stranded.

  6. Which of the following base pairs occurs in DNA? A) A - U
    B) C - G
    C) A - T
    D) G - U

  7. What type of bond holds the two strands of a DNA double helix together? A) Covalent bonds
    B) Hydrogen bonds
    C) Ionic bonds
    D) Disulfide bridges

  8. In DNA, how many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine (C) and guanine (G)? A) 1
    B) 2
    C) 3
    D) 4

  9. What is ATP classified as? A) A protein
    B) A nucleic acid
    C) A carbohydrate
    D) A lipid

Short Answer/True/False Questions

  1. True or False: Proteins are composed of amino acids.

  2. True or False: DNA is a single-stranded molecule.

  3. Explain the difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide.

  4. Describe the role of phospholipids in the cell membrane.

  5. Explain how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids.

  6. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

  7. What is the function of buffers in relation to pH?

  8. Describe the relationship between the sequence of amino acids and the structure of a protein.