RS - Islam terms

Usul ad-Din

principles of faith for Shi’a Muslims

five general principles

Al-Adl

justice, which comes from God

five roots in Shi’a Islam.

Al-Nubuwwah

prophets, including thousands of messengers through time from Adam down to Muhammad (final messenger)

brought guidance to their people

five roots in Shi’a Islam.

khalifa

humankind as stewards of the earth

people have a role in caring for the environment

Caliphs

came after Muhammad as leaders of the Muslims

Sahifah

Scrolls which were sent to Abraham

revelation or holy book

Injil

Gospel - revelation by God sent to Prophet Isa

original message of the Gospel was changed

Zabur

Psalms, a holy book

sent down to David/Prophet Dawud

original version has been lost or changed.

Izra’il

angel of death

takes a person’s soul after they die

Israfil

angel who blows the trumpet to begin the events of Judgement and the end of time on earth

Mu’tazilite

interpret Tawhid to mean that God cannot be associated with any human qualities, so did not write the Qur’an

Mu’tazilah use reasoning to work out beliefs.

Al-Ashari

founded a school of thought in Sunni Islam

see God as all powerful

emphasise revelation as the main source of knowledge

al-Jannah

Heaven

Stewardship

everything = gift from God

Salat/Salah

Prayer five times a day

Jihad

Struggle

Amr-bil-Maroof

Encouraging people to do what is right and good

Nahi Amr Munkar

forbidding sin

ablution

washing ones self

Khutba

Sermon, given at Friday prayers

Niyyah

Intention

qibla

direction to which Muslim’s face whilst they pray

facing the Kaaba in Makkah

du’a

Personal prayers

raka’t

prayer following the actions of standing, bowing, prostrating and sitting

whilst reciting in Arabic words of the Qur’an

shown by the example of Muhammad.

Safa + Marwa

two hills that must be climbed as a part of the hajj

Zamzam

source of water opened by Ibrahim

Ihram

state of purity - Muslims go into when on Hajj

women wear respectful clothing without any facial covering

men wear two white, unsown cotton clothes

shows equality

Talbiyah prayer

after Ihram

ask forgiveness for sins and thank Him for all that one has

Fajr

1st prayer - morning

Muzdalifah

pilgrims collect pebbles here

Musalla

place of prayer (outside)

Dhul Hijjah

month hajj takes place

last month (12th)

Sadaqah

voluntary act of charity

Taqwa

being conscious of God, of truth

Eid-ul-Adha

festival which celebrates Prophet Ibrahim’s display of obedience to God for being willing to sacrifice his own son

end of hajj

sacrifice livestock

Shariah

religious law that forms a part of the Islamic traditions

Kharijites

group of Muslims

initially followers of Ali

went against him and broke away from him

Zuhr

midday prayer

Asr

prayer noon

Maghrib

prayer after sunset

Isha

prayer night

Iqamah

second call to prayer

right before prayer

Mihrab

niche in the wall of a mosque

indicates the direction of Mecca

Muttaqi

obedience to Allah

Suhur

early morning meal eaten by Muslims before fasting from dawn → noon

Iftar

evening meal to break fast

Taraweeh

voluntary prayer

Shawwal

10th month of the Islamic - after Ramadan

begins with Eid Al-Fitr

Eid Mubarak

marks the conclusion of the fasting month of Ramadan

Ghadir Khumm

site where Muhammad declared Ali his sucessor