Usul ad-Din
principles of faith for Shi’a Muslims
five general principles
Al-Adl
justice, which comes from God
five roots in Shi’a Islam.
Al-Nubuwwah
prophets, including thousands of messengers through time from Adam down to Muhammad (final messenger)
brought guidance to their people
five roots in Shi’a Islam.
khalifa
humankind as stewards of the earth
people have a role in caring for the environment
Caliphs
came after Muhammad as leaders of the Muslims
Sahifah
Scrolls which were sent to Abraham
revelation or holy book
Injil
Gospel - revelation by God sent to Prophet Isa
original message of the Gospel was changed
Zabur
Psalms, a holy book
sent down to David/Prophet Dawud
original version has been lost or changed.
Izra’il
angel of death
takes a person’s soul after they die
Israfil
angel who blows the trumpet to begin the events of Judgement and the end of time on earth
Mu’tazilite
interpret Tawhid to mean that God cannot be associated with any human qualities, so did not write the Qur’an
Mu’tazilah use reasoning to work out beliefs.
Al-Ashari
founded a school of thought in Sunni Islam
see God as all powerful
emphasise revelation as the main source of knowledge
al-Jannah
Heaven
Stewardship
everything = gift from God
Salat/Salah
Prayer five times a day
Jihad
Struggle
Amr-bil-Maroof
Encouraging people to do what is right and good
Nahi Amr Munkar
forbidding sin
ablution
washing ones self
Khutba
Sermon, given at Friday prayers
Niyyah
Intention
qibla
direction to which Muslim’s face whilst they pray
facing the Kaaba in Makkah
du’a
Personal prayers
raka’t
prayer following the actions of standing, bowing, prostrating and sitting
whilst reciting in Arabic words of the Qur’an
shown by the example of Muhammad.
Safa + Marwa
two hills that must be climbed as a part of the hajj
Zamzam
source of water opened by Ibrahim
Ihram
state of purity - Muslims go into when on Hajj
women wear respectful clothing without any facial covering
men wear two white, unsown cotton clothes
shows equality
Talbiyah prayer
after Ihram
ask forgiveness for sins and thank Him for all that one has
Fajr
1st prayer - morning
Muzdalifah
pilgrims collect pebbles here
Musalla
place of prayer (outside)
Dhul Hijjah
month hajj takes place
last month (12th)
Sadaqah
voluntary act of charity
Taqwa
being conscious of God, of truth
Eid-ul-Adha
festival which celebrates Prophet Ibrahim’s display of obedience to God for being willing to sacrifice his own son
end of hajj
sacrifice livestock
Shariah
religious law that forms a part of the Islamic traditions
Kharijites
group of Muslims
initially followers of Ali
went against him and broke away from him
Zuhr
midday prayer
Asr
prayer noon
Maghrib
prayer after sunset
Isha
prayer night
Iqamah
second call to prayer
right before prayer
Mihrab
niche in the wall of a mosque
indicates the direction of Mecca
Muttaqi
obedience to Allah
Suhur
early morning meal eaten by Muslims before fasting from dawn → noon
Iftar
evening meal to break fast
Taraweeh
voluntary prayer
Shawwal
10th month of the Islamic - after Ramadan
begins with Eid Al-Fitr
Eid Mubarak
marks the conclusion of the fasting month of Ramadan
Ghadir Khumm
site where Muhammad declared Ali his sucessor