Political Ideologies and Democracy

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions in political ideologies, focusing on democracy, liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and their variations.

What is Direct Democracy?

A system where citizens directly participate in decision making without representatives.

What are the risks associated with Direct Democracy?

It requires constant participation and high civic knowledge, making policy volatile or impulsive.

What is Representative Democracy?

A system where citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf.

What are some risks of Representative Democracy?

It can be unresponsive, captured by money or special interests, leading to a disconnect from ordinary citizens.

What is the difference between Instrumental and Intrinsic views of democracy?

Instrumental evaluates democracy by its consequences, while Intrinsic sees democracy as a crucial way of life.

What are the core principles of Liberalism?

Individual freedom, equality before the law, democracy, and free markets.

What does Modern Liberalism advocate for?

Active government involvement, regulated capitalism, social welfare, and positive freedom.

What is Neoliberalism?

A belief in minimal state interference, privatization, and reduced regulation to promote market efficiency.

Contrast Classical Liberalism to Modern Liberalism.

Classical Liberalism emphasizes freedom from government, while Modern Liberalism supports freedom with state intervention for fairness.

What does Conservatism prioritize?

Traditional values, skepticism toward rapid change, and respect for hierarchy and social order.

What does Social Conservatism focus on?

Preserving traditional moral values and norms, and being cautious about social change.

What is New Right Conservatism?

An emphasis on deregulation and a mix of free market and traditional values.

What is the main goal of Socialism?

To promote equality through collective ownership and community cooperation.

What is Social Democracy?

A reformist approach that supports strong government intervention and social programs to prevent inequality.

What does Democratic Socialism seek to achieve?

Equality through democratic institutions and welfare programs.

What does Marxism advocate for?

A revolutionary overthrow of capitalism to achieve collective ownership of production.

What is the New Democratic Socialism concept?

It combines democracy with socialist ideals to promote equality and fairness within a capitalist framework.