Great Depression Notes

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Republicans in Power

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1

Republicans in Power

Republicans controlled the White House from 1921 to 1933 and Congress from 1918 to 1930.

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2

Warren G

Harding and Coolidge shared power; Harding set an agenda for Congress before his death in 1923.

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3

Bad Appointments

Harry Daugherty and Albert Fall were poor choices for attorney general and interior secretary, respectively; Fall was convicted of bribery.

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4

Calvin Coolidge

Coolidge restored public confidence and believed in minimalist government and small-town democracy.

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5

Andrew Mellon

Mellon believed prosperity trickled down from the rich to the poor through investment, leading to tax cuts during his tenure.

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6

Herbert Hoover's Associationism

Hoover promoted cooperation between businesses and government through trade associations, aiming to eliminate waste and promote welfare capitalism.

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7

Agricultural Decline

Farmers faced economic struggles as wartime price supports were withdrawn, leading to a decrease in their national income share.

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8

The Great Flood of 1927

A devastating flood caused significant property damage and loss of life, leading to federal legislation to prevent future disasters.

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9

Dawes Plan

In 1924, the Dawes Plan aimed to stabilize the German economy by reducing war debts and providing loans.

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10

Kellogg-Briand Pact

The 1921 pact aimed to outlaw war, but nations still built smaller warships in response to limitations.

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11

Election of 1928

Herbert Hoover won the election, signaling a political realignment as the Democratic Party fractured.

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12

The Great Bull Market

The 1920s stock market saw unprecedented growth, but concerns about overproduction and underconsumption emerged.

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13

The Great Crash

The stock market crash on October 29, 1929, marked the beginning of the Great Depression, causing massive financial losses.

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14

Global Impact of the Crash

The US economic collapse led to widespread failures in Europe, with many nations abandoning the gold standard.

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15

Causes of the Great Depression

Economic instabilities, overproduction, and consumer debt contributed to the onset of the Great Depression.

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16

Human Impact

The Great Depression resulted in widespread unemployment, with millions losing their jobs and homes.

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17

Psychological Effects

The Depression caused shame, self-doubt, and fear among Americans, leading to a search for past practices to cope.

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18

Dust Bowl

Intensive farming practices led to ecological disaster, forcing millions to abandon their farms and migrate.

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19

Repatriation

The Great Depression prompted the repatriation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans, reducing their population in the US.

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20

African American Unemployment

The Depression disproportionately affected African Americans, with nearly 50% unemployment by 1932.

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21

The Bonus Army

WWI veterans protested in Washington for their bonuses, leading to a violent eviction by the US Army.

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22

FDR's Election

Franklin D. Roosevelt's election in 1932 marked the end of 30 years of Republican rule and a shift towards the New Deal.

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23

New Deal Programs

FDR's early New Deal included numerous bills aimed at economic recovery, relief, and reform.

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24

Social Security Act

Established in 1935, it provided economic stability for the elderly but excluded certain workers.

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25

National Labor Relations Act

The Wagner Act created a board to supervise union elections, significantly increasing union membership.

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26

The Second New Deal

The 1935-1936 period saw a shift towards greater regulation and support for the needy.

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27

Rise of Organized Labor

The New Deal era saw a powerful union movement emerge, with significant gains for unskilled workers.

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28

Federal One

The Federal One program employed thousands in the arts, providing cultural enrichment during the Depression.

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29

John Collier's Indian Reorganization Act

This act aimed to restore tribal culture and control over Indian lands.

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30

New Deal for Women

The New Deal offered unprecedented opportunities for women in social work and politics, though gender equality remained limited.

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