Review topics

What was a key feature of the Song Dynasty's governance?

Imperial Bureaucracy.

What system allowed for the selection of government officials based on merit in China?

Meritocracy.

What was the significance of the Civil Service Exam in China?

It was a means to select scholars for bureaucratic positions.

Who made up the Scholar Gentry class in China?

Bureaucrats who passed the Civil Service Exam.

Which belief systems were prominent in China during the Song Dynasty?

Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.

What was Champa Rice and its impact on China?

A rice variety from Vietnam that contributed to population growth and economic strength.

What was the Grand Canal used for in China?

It connected the northern and southern regions for trade and transportation.

What major trade routes facilitated interaction between civilizations in the past?

Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean trade routes.

What technology did China excel in during the Song Dynasty?

Paper, silk, gunpowder, and the compass.

What cultural practice reflects gender roles in Song Dynasty China?

Foot Binding.

What does Filial Piety signify in Chinese culture?

A significant aspect of ancestor worship and respect for one's parents.

What decline did the Abbasid Caliphate experience around 1200?

Fragmentation and decline.

Which empires emerged in the wake of the Abbasid Caliphate's decline?

Empires led by Turkic groups such as the Mamluks, Seljuk Turks, and Mongols.

What was the House of Wisdom significant for?

It was an important center for intellectual life in Baghdad.

How did Islam spread into South Asia?

Through military conquests, trade by merchants, and the efforts of missionaries.

What was the Delhi Sultanate?

A Muslim state that ruled in South Asia.

Which empire was primarily Hindu in South Asia?

The Vijayanagara Empire.

What does the term 'thalassocracies' refer to?

Sea-based states, exemplified by empires like Srivijaya.

What major innovation characterized the Aztecs in Mexico?

Chinampas farming.

What tribute system did the Aztecs employ?

A method of collecting payments from conquered territories.

Which empire is known for its extensive trade networks in Africa?

The Mali Empire.

What marked the political structure of Europe during this period?

Decentralized government and feudalism.

What major trading network was vital for luxury goods like silk?

The Silk Roads trade network.

What economic development emerged alongside the trading cities on the Silk Roads?

A money economy.

What was the role of caravanserai in trade?

Facilitated cultural exchange along trade routes.

What catastrophic epidemic spread from East Asia to Europe in the 1300s?

The Black Death.

Who was Genghis Khan?

The originator of the Mongol Empire.

What term describes the period of peace after Mongol conquests?

Pax Mongolica.

What was a major effect of the Indian Ocean trade network?

Cultural exchange, particularly through Muslim merchants.

What were the major goods traded in the Indian Ocean network?

Ivory and cotton.

What agricultural innovation helped nutrition and population growth in Africa?

Bananas.

What is the Trans-Saharan trade also known as?

The Gold-Salt trade.

What were the two most important goods traded in the Trans-Saharan trade?

Gold and salt.

Who was Mansa Musa?

The famous ruler of the Mali Empire known for his wealth and pilgrimage.

What unique architectural feature was associated with the Ottoman Empire?

Topkapi Palace.

How did the Safavid Empire distinguish itself from the Ottoman Empire?

By adhering to Shi’a Islam.

What empire is known for significant religious tolerance under Akbar the Great?

The Mughal Empire.

What significant structure is associated with the Mughal Empire?

The Taj Mahal.

What major economic shift occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

From hand production to machine production.

Which ideology did the American Revolution primarily draw inspiration from?

Enlightenment ideals.

What was a key outcome of the French Revolution?

The spread of nationalism and a sort of democracy.

What was significant about the Haitian Revolution?

It was the first non-slave democracy established in the world.

What major social change resulted from the Industrial Revolution?

The rise of the working and middle classes.

What was the main motivation behind European maritime explorations?

Gold, God, and Glory.

What catastrophic impact did the Columbian Exchange have on indigenous populations?

Massive population decline due to disease.

What major trade system developed involving the exchange of goods across three continents?

The Triangular Trade.

Who was a prominent figure associated with the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

Enslaved Africans forced to work on plantations.

What system signified the start of modern-day corporations?

Joint-Stock Companies.

Which policy in Japan restricted foreign influence during this period?

Sakoku policy.

What general trend can be noted about rebellions across the world?

Increasing challenges to state authority.

What were the Maroon Wars?

Rebellions by escaped slaves in the Caribbean.

What series of events significantly shaped European governance during this period?

The Protestant Reformation and subsequent religious wars.

What economic theory did Adam Smith advocate for?

Capitalism.

What revolution is characterized by the rise of machine production?

The Industrial Revolution.

Which country saw the emergence of the Tokugawa Shogunate?

Japan.

What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution on society?

It inspired Enlightenment thinking.

What movement sought to end slavery and promote equal rights?

Abolitionism.

What was the role of the Enlightenment in western society?

It encouraged the use of reason and logic to improve governance and society.

What was a key technological advancement in maritime navigation?

The astrolabe and magnetic compass.

What characterizes the Age of ISM's?

Conflicting ideologies such as conservatism, socialism, and feminism.