AHA BLS (HOSA)

Chain of Survival

actions that must take place to give the cardiac arrest victim the best chance of survival

Pediatric In-Hospital Chain of Survival

1. Early Recognition and Prevention
2. Activation of Emergency Response
3. High-Quality CPR
4. Advanced Resuscitation
5. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6. Recovery

Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Chain of Survival

1. Prevention
2. Activation of Emergency Response
3. High-Quality CPR
4. Advanced Resuscitation
5. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6. Recovery

Adult In-Hospital Chain of Survival

1. Early Recognition and Prevention
2. Activation of Emergency Response
3. High-Quality CPR
4. Defibrillation
5. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6. Recovery

Adult Out-of-Hospital Chain of Survival

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1. Activation of Emergency Response
2. High-Quality CPR
3. Defibrillation
4. Advanced Resuscitation
5. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6. Recovery

T-CPR

telecommunicator-assisted CPR (aka assist by dispatcher)

PAD programs

public access defibrillation programs

What do PAD programs do?

places AEDs in public places and trains common people to use them

Out-of-hospital prevention includes…

measures to improve the health of individuals and communities

Out-of-hospital preparedness includes…

public awareness programs and training for handling cardiac arrests

In-hospital preparedness includes…

early recognition and rapid response

For adult hospital patients, cardiac arrests are commonly caused by…

serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse

How does one activate the emergency response system out-of-hospital?

shouting for help and phoning 911

In a hospital, activating the emergency response system can include…

activating a code, summoning a team, or asking someone else to do it

What are the actions that are most closely related to good resuscitation outcomes?

High-quality CPR with minimal interruptions and early defibrillation

Should bystanders attempt to provide chest compressions?

Yes

Examples of advanced resuscitation interventions

obtaining vascular access, giving medications, placing an advanced airway, obtaining an ECG, or starting advanced cardiac monitoring

Advanced resuscitation interventions are performed by…

medically trained providers

In additions to adv. interventions, … CPR may be used in certain resuscitation situations

extracorporeal

ROSC

return of spontaneous circulation

Out-of-hospital post-cardiac arrest care

routine critical care support, like artificial ventilation and blood pressure management

In-hospital post-cardiac arrest care

preventing return of cardiac arrest and tailoring specific therapies to improve long-term survival

cardiac catheterization procedure

a catheter is inserted in an artery and threaded through the blood vessels to the patient’s heart

Where is a cardiac catheter frequently placed?

groin or wrist

Purpose of cardiac catheterization

to evaluate heart function and blood flow

What types of rehabilitation are common after cardiac arrest?

cardiac rehab, neurological rehab, psychological rehab, addressing underlying cause

5 key elements in all Chains of Survival

initial support, resuscitation teams, available resources, resuscitation constraints, level of complexity

Main difference between adult and pediatric cardiac arrest

Adult cardiac arrest is often sudden and has a cardiac cause.

Pediatric cardiac arrest is often secondary to respiratory failure or shock