Nursing Assistant CH 13

What is the definition of hygiene?

Practices that keep bodies clean and healthy.

What activities are included in grooming?

Caring for fingernails and hair, shaving, and applying makeup.

What does ADL stand for?

Activities of daily living.

What are some examples of personal care activities?

Bathing, perineal care, elimination, mouth care, shampooing, hair care, shaving, dressing, and walking.

Who may need help with personal care?

Persons with chronic conditions, frail due to age, permanently disabled, or dying.

What is one responsibility of nursing assistants (NAs) during personal care?

Encourage independence in residents.

What should NAs do before entering a resident's room?

Knock and wait for permission to enter.

What are pressure points?

Areas of the body that bear much of the body weight.

What are the stages of pressure injuries?

1) Skin intact but red, 2) Partial-thickness skin loss, 3) Full-thickness skin loss visible fat, 4) Full-thickness skin loss to muscle or bone.

What is an unstageable pressure injury?

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss that cannot be determined due to cover such as slough or eschar.

What is considered a complete bed bath?

A bath that cleans the entire body, involving specific washing sequences of the face, arms, chest, abdomen, legs, back, and perineal area.

What is the purpose of oral care?

To promote healthy appetite and cleanliness of the mouth, teeth, and gums.

What does halitosis refer to?

Bad breath.

What is dental floss used for?

To clean between teeth.

What should be observed during oral care?

Irritation, ulcers, dry cracked lips, and bad breath.

What is the definition of hygiene?

Practices that keep bodies clean and healthy.

What activities are included in grooming?

Caring for fingernails and hair, shaving, and applying makeup.

What does ADL stand for?

Activities of daily living.

What are some examples of personal care activities?

Bathing, perineal care, elimination, mouth care, shampooing, hair care, shaving, dressing, and walking.

Who may need help with personal care?

Persons with chronic conditions, frail due to age, permanently disabled, or dying.

What is one responsibility of nursing assistants (NAs) during personal care?

Encourage independence in residents.

What should NAs do before entering a resident's room?

Knock and wait for permission to enter.

What are pressure points?

Areas of the body that bear much of the body weight.

What are the stages of pressure injuries?

1) Skin intact but red, 2) Partial-thickness skin loss, 3) Full-thickness skin loss visible fat, 4) Full-thickness skin loss to muscle or bone.

What is an unstageable pressure injury?

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss that cannot be determined due to cover such as slough or eschar.

What is considered a complete bed bath?

A bath that cleans the entire body, involving specific washing sequences of the face, arms, chest, abdomen, legs, back, and perineal area.

What is the purpose of oral care?

To promote healthy appetite and cleanliness of the mouth, teeth, and gums.

What does halitosis refer to?

Bad breath.

What is dental floss used for?

To clean between teeth.

What should be observed during oral care?

Irritation, ulcers, dry cracked lips, and bad breath.

What are common signs and symptoms of pressure injuries?

Redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or a break in the skin, often over bony prominences.

What are key methods for preventing pressure injuries?

Frequent repositioning, good nutrition and hydration, proper skin care, and specialty beds or cushions to reduce pressure.

What is the purpose of perineal care?

To clean the genital and anal areas to prevent infection, irritation, and odor.

What is the proper way to provide denture care?

Clean dentures daily with a denture brush and cleanser, rinse thoroughly, and store in a denture cup with water or solution when not in use.

What is the importance of personal care activities?

To maintain health, comfort, dignity, and self-esteem.

What is the general principle for dressing a resident with a weak side?

Dress the weak (affected) side first, undress the strong (unaffected) side first.

Why is it important to ensure privacy during personal care?

To maintain the resident's dignity and respect.

What is the recommended water temperature for a bath?

Typically between 105^\circ F and 115^\circ F (40.6^\circ C and 46.1^\circ C), or as tolerated by the resident.

What is a partial bed bath?

A bath that cleans the face, hands, armpits, and perineal area.

Why is a back rub frequently given after a bath?

To improve circulation, relax muscles, and promote comfort.

What observations should NAs make during hair care?

Lice, dry scalp, sores, or matting.

What is a special precaution for shaving a resident?

Use an electric razor for residents on anticoagulants (blood thinners) to prevent bleeding.

Why is nail care important for residents?

To prevent infection, scratches, and maintain hygiene.

What are common sites for pressure injuries?

Elbows, shoulder blades, sacrum (tailbone), hips, heels, and ankles.

What is a major risk factor for pressure injuries?

Immobility, poor nutrition, incontinence, and advanced age.

What is "shearing" in the context of pressure injuries?

Skin staying in one place while deeper tissue moves and stretches, damaging blood vessels.

What is "friction" in the context of pressure injuries?

Skin rubbing against a hard surface, causing skin breakdown, like when a resident is dragged across sheets.

How often should residents who are bed-bound be repositioned to prevent pressure injuries?

At least every two hours, unless otherwise specified in the care plan.

What is the importance of keeping skin clean and dry?

To prevent irritation, breakdown, and infection, especially in skin folds or incontinent areas.

How is oral care provided for an unconscious resident?

Using a small amount of liquid, turning the resident to the side to prevent aspiration, and cleaning frequently.

What is the proper way to remove dentures?

Gloves should be worn. Gently remove the upper denture by placing a finger into the space between the upper plate and the gum, then remove the lower denture by lifting it.

What is the importance of reporting changes in a resident's skin?

Early detection and intervention can prevent pressure injuries from worsening.

What does the term "bony prominences" refer to?

Areas where bone is close to the surface of the skin, making them prone to pressure injury from lack of padding.

What is one infection control measure during personal care?

Performing hand hygiene before and after providing care, and wearing gloves when contact