Braithwaite

Who is John Braithwaite?

• Interactionist perspective - looked at the role of labelling and stigmatisation of criminal behaviour

• Examined ways in which criminals were 'shamed' for both their actions and as individuals

• Examined the consequences of these actions for individuals

What is shaming?

• Braithwaite suggested that labelling both the act and the actor as deviant had long-term effects on crime

• The process of labelling can lead to reoffending as the criminal is punished not only for the act but also for being a criminal

• Two forms of shaming: disintegrative shaming and integrative shaming

What is disintegrative shaming?

• In the process of disintegrative shaming, the criminal is labelled twice - once for their actions, and the second time for being criminal - e.g. theft and being a thief

• This leads to the criminal being isolated in society and potentially leads to further offending

What is reintegrative shaming?

• Reintegrative shaming offers more hope of redemption as the crime is seen as bad, not the criminal

• This has the potential to lead to criminals being reintegrated into society showing remorse for actions and making reparations for their actions

What is reintegrative shaming?

• Reintegrative shaming offers more hope of redemption as the crime is seen as bad, not the criminal

• This has the potential to lead to criminals being reintegrated into society showing remorse for actions and making reparations for their actions

What are the applications of reintegrative shaming?

• Reintegrative shaming offers more hope of redemption as the crime is seen as bad, not the criminal

• This has the potential to lead to criminals being reintegrated into society showing remorse for actions and making reparations for their actions

What are the evaluations of braithewaite?

• It doesn't examine the causes of the initial crime and instead focuses on how to rehabilitate offenders

• Influential in promoting alternatives to imprisonment and reducing rates of recidivism

• Critics suggest that it is not a suitable deterrent for criminal behaviour