Topics 8.4 & 8.5: Versailles Settlement & Global Econ Crisis
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25 Terms
Versailles Conference
the meeting of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918.
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Woodrow Wilson
U.S. President, who led USA into WWI. He proposed the very idealistic 14 points with the hope of establishing lasting peace and security in Europe.
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David Lloyd George
British prime minister who won reelection on the slogan "Make Germany Pay" and who therefore pushed for a harsh peace settlement after WWI.
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Georges Clemenceau
"tiger of France", the French prime minister who wanted to ensure that Germany would never again threaten France; at the Paris Peace Conference and therefore pushed for punishment and disarmament of Germany.
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reparations
Payment for war damages
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Treaty of Versailles
the peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied powers after World War I. Germany was forced to sign it without any input.
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Weimar Republic
German republic founded after the WWI and the German people's overthrow of Wilhelm II. It signed the treaty of Versailles and was overthrown by Hitler.
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League of Nations
One of Wilson's 14 points, it was an international organization intended as a forum for nations to resolve their differences without fighting. No power to back up its findings though.
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disarmament
Reduction of armed forces and weapons across all European nations, which was one of the hopes of the Treaty of Versailles.
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Poland
Carved out of the former Austrian, German, and Russian Empires, it was one of the "new nations" formed after WWI. Initially democratic, but was taken over by a dictator.
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Czechoslovakia
New nation carved out of the German Empire by unifying the Czechs and Slovaks into one democratic government.
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Hungary
Carved out of the former Austrian Empire as its own country after WWI, it became increasingly ruled by a strong dictator.
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totalitarian
referring to a form of government in which one person or party holds absolute control (kind of a 20th c. version of Absolute Monarchies).
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Yugoslavia
This country was created after WWI, uniting ethnicities that spoke similar Slavic languages. Held together by a dictator because it had too many different ethnic groups.
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Iraq and Palestine
Carved out of the Ottoman Empire, these two regions were controlled as a mandate by Britain.
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Syria and Lebanon
Carved out of the Ottoman Empire, these two regions were controlled as a mandate by France.
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Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the New York stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s that contributed to the rise of totalitarian dictatorships.
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gold standard
A monetary system in which paper money and coins are equal to the value of a certain amount of gold which left very little flexibility in economic crises.
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depreciate
to decrease in value
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speculation
Involvement in very risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit. Too much of this led to the stock market crash of 1929.
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John Maynard Keynes
British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the gov't had to spend money on things such as infrastructure projects to encourage investment and consumption rather than work to balance their budget.
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national government
A coalition of the Liberal, Labour, and Conservative parties formed in Britain to deal with the Depression, credited with bringing Great Britain out of the worst stages of the Great Depression
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Popular Front
French government formed in 1936 to combat the rising power of Fascism in France that consisted of all left wing groups. Brought policies that favored/helped workers so that they would not turn to fascism.
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"Big Four"
Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (French premier), David Lloyd George (British prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (Italian prime minister) who ran the Versailles Peace Conference.
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Die Diktat
Literally means "The Dictated" and was the German phrase used to describe the Versailles Peace Treaty, which they had no voice in negotiating and were forced to sign.
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