Breed Related/horses, dogs, ruminants

What are the chem indications for ER?

CK>10k and high AST and myoglobinuria

Are colts or fillis more likely to be affected by RER?

fillies

What type of diet is associated with RER?

grain

What does the AQHA 6 panel test for?

PSSM, HYPP, malignant hyperthermia, GBED, HERDA, and IMM

What is PSSM?

found in quarter horses, unregulated synthesis of glycogen which → excessive sugar in muscle cells

What is type 1 PSSM?

autosomal DOMINANT mutation in GYS1 gene

PSSM type 1 is more common in which horses?

DRAFTS, halter (QH, appaloosa, paint)

PSSM type 2 is more common in which horses?

performance (QH, warmbloods)

How do you diagnose PSSM-1?

exercise trial, GYSI mutation, muscle biopsy

What does the muscle biopsy look for when testing for PSSM?

abnormal PAS

What is the only test for PSSM 2?

muscle biopsy

The starch content for a PSSM/Rhabdo horse should be less than ____

12%

What is the fasting standard for PSSM/rhabdo horses?

fast 6 hrs before exercise

What disorder is linked with Impressive?

HYPP

What causes HYPP?

autosomal dominant, point mutation in Na channel →leads to high K in the ECS

You have a halter horse with prolapsed eyelid, muscle tremros, paralysis, and inspiratory stridor. What is this?

HYPP

Why does HYPP not qualify as tying up?

muscle enzymes are normal

How do you treat HYPP long term?

acetazolamide

How do you treat HYPP temp?

drive K back into cells with dextrose, bicarb, insulinWhat i

Waht is GBED?

glycogen branching enzyme deficiency

How does GBED work?

autosomal RECESSIVE, muscle, liver, and brain cannot store glycogen

What breeds are big carriers or GBED?

paints and appaloosas

What are the CS of GBEd?

muscle weakness/death, late term abortion

describe HERDA

autosomal RECESSIVE, defecive collagen

describe MH

malignant hyperthermia → autosomal DOMINANT, malfunctioning Ca channel in skeletal muscle → hypermetabolic state

What are the triggers for MH?

anesthetic halothane, stress

What is IMM?

immune mediated myositis → myozin 1 myopathy mutation → infxn with strep equi equi → atrophy of topline muscles

What will the CS of IMM look like?

symmetric loss of muscle mass, epaxial and gluteal, stiffness, calciphylaxis

How do you diagnose IMM?

genetic test, muscle biopsy

How do you treat IMM?

steroids monthly, prognosis is good if no calciphylaxis

What is associated with moon blindness?

lepto (autoimmune), treat with steroids

What is moon blindness?

equine recurrent uveitis in apps

What breeds are associated with night blindness?

leopard apps and tennesse walkers

How do you test for night blindness?

genetic LP test

What is MCOA and what breeds are disposed to this?

multiple congenital ocular anomalies, silver dilution coat color or Rocky Mountian horse breed

What are the CS of MCOA?

ocular cysts, enlarged cornea,

How do you get lethal white overo (LWO) syndrome?

frame overo cross

What are the CS of ileocolonic aganglioonosis, also known as LWO syndrome?

normal at birth, colics in 24 hrs, failure to pass meconium

How do you test for deafness in splashed paints with blue eyes?

BAER testing

describe warmblood fragile foal syndrome type 1 (WFFS)?

RECESSIVE, fatal, defect in connective tissue

What are the CS of WFFS?

hyperextension, thin skin, floppy ears

What epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

the same thing as “red foot” just in saddlebreds

What breed is associated with red foot disease?

belgians

What is the common name for junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB1)

red foot disease

Describe LFS?

RECESSIVE, dilute coat color in arabian foals, neuro disease

Describe Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in egyptian arabian foals?

<1yr hae seizures, then stop

describe cerebellar abiotrophy in foals

RECESSIVE, normal at birth neuro develops before 6m, tremors, ataxia, falling → pasture pets

describe severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

arabians, RECESSIVE, normal at birth → 2-8wks no immune system (no IgM) → die before 6 m

Is strangulating lipomas genetic? What breed is it assoc with?

not genetic, but assoc with 1) old age adn 2) arabians

What are minis predisposed to?

fecaliths

What breeds are predisposed to EMS?

ponies, minis, donkeys, morgans, paso finos, gaited

PPID is assoc wiht ___

age

In roping horse, does the header or heeler have more injuries?

headers more

What are the most common types of injuries for headers?

forelimb, RF and heel painWhat

What are the most common type of injuries in heelers?

hindlimb, distal hock OA

What is the most common complaint in western performance horses?

poor performance

What is the most common injury in perfromance horse?

hindlimb, stifle

what is the most common complaint in barrel racing?

lameness

What is the msot common limb affeected in barrel racing?

RF

What is most common injury in dressage?

hindlimbs, prox suspensory desmitis, coggin jt OA

What is the most common injury in jumpers?

foot pain, distal hock OA

What are the most common injuries in racehorses?

foot pain, fetlock pain

What is the most common injury in the gaited horse?

hindlimbs, distal hock OA

What horses are prone to navicular syndrome?

QH, WB, TB → those with shorter feet

What are the 2 working therories for navicular disease?

biomechanical, degenerative,

What SPECIFIC WB breeds are predisposed to navicular disease?

dutch and hanovarian WB

What conformation leads to navicular diseaes?

small hoof:body ratio, box hooves, upright, low heels, long toe

What foot is most often affected by navicular disease?

forelimb, commonlt RF

What will diagnostics look like for navicular disease?

hoof tester +, maybe lower flexion positive

Whta block improves navicular disease?

PD (also do skyline)

What other structures are impacted by navicular diseas?

impar lig, DDF, nav bursa

What kind of injection should be done for navicular disease?

DIPJ and navicular bursa

What are the surgical options for navicular disease?

bursocopy and palmar digital neurectomy

What is the pathology of DSLD?

progressive collagen degeneration → weakening of the susp lig → multipel limbs

What type of horses are affected by DSLD?

broodmares, those with prior SL injuries, old animals, Peruvian Paso

How will DSLD present in peruvian pasos?

quadrilateral, primarily a BRANCH disease

What are the CS of DSLD?

pain on suspensory palpation, lameness, positive response to flexion

What side is most often affected in recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and why?

left, bc of atrophy of CAD

What species are prone to RLN?

racehorses, drafts, warmbloods

What are the CS and diagnostics for RLN?

inspiratory noise, exercise intolerance. Upper airway endoscopy

What is the treatment for RLN?

prosthetic laryngoplasty

What is the etiology of laminitis?

grain overload, steroid-induced, black walnut shavings, endocrinopathis

What is the definition of founder?

P3 rotating

Why are ponies and donkeys prone to laminitis?

insulin disregulation, lots of triglicerides, obesity

What causes pastern dermatitis?

inflammation → architectural changes

Fresians are predisposed to what type of colic?

gastric impactions

What is the diagnosis for gastric impactions

endoscopy

You palpate a colicy horse and feel colon distension. What is this?

enterolithiasis

What kind of enteroliths are common in horses?

struvite, magnesium vivinite

What is the surgical treatment for enteroliths?

pelvic flexure enterotomy

What breeds are predisposed to enteroliths?

arabians, morgans, saddlebreds

What diet predisposes to enterolithiasis?

alfalfa

How do castrations heal?

second intention

What breeds are predisposed to castration complications?

donkeys, drafts, standardbreds

T/F dogs will have normal coag and platelet values with vWF disease

true

What are the 3 types of vWF disease?

fxn but low, normal # but no fxn, low # and low fxnW

What breeds are predisposed to the three types of vWF disease?

1) dober/irish setter, 2) GSD&pointer 3) collie/scotty/chesapeak

What are 2 ways to treat vWF disease?

DDAVP promotes release of vWF from platelets and FFP

How is vWF disese passed on?

genetic screening for recessive gene

What medications would you avoid for a dog with vWF disease?

NSAIDS, antibiotics like Amox