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Philosophy
The study of fundamental questions regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, and reality, derived from the Greek words "philos" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom).
Wisdom
The ability to make sensible decisions and provide good advice based on experience and knowledge.
Louis Pojman
Philosopher known for defining philosophy as a "quest for truth" aimed at promoting understanding and illumination.
Alistair Sinclair
Philosopher who described philosophy as the ultimate thinking activity that reflects human abstract thinking.
Robert Solomon
Philosopher who emphasized that philosophy seeks to understand human identity and thought.
Metaphysics
A major division of philosophy that explores the fundamental nature of reality and existence.
Epistemology
The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.
Logic
The study of principles of sound reasoning and argumentation.
Ethics
The division of philosophy that examines moral values and the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.
Aesthetics
The philosophical study of beauty and artistic value.
Axiology
The study of values and goodness in philosophy.
Theodicy/Cosmology
The philosophical study of God and the universe, particularly prominent in medieval philosophy.
Philosophical Questions
Open-ended inquiries that invite multiple viewpoints and do not require universal answers.
Nonphilosophical Questions
Questions that seek universal and exact answers, often based on empirical evidence.
Confucius
An influential Chinese philosopher (551-478 BCE) known for his teachings on ethics and human conduct.
Lao-Tzu
Philosopher credited with founding Taoism, emphasizing harmony with the Tao, or "The Way."
Vedas
Ancient sacred texts of Hinduism that contain philosophical teachings and reflections.
Upanishads
Philosophical texts within the Vedas that explore concepts such as Brahman and Atman.
Socrates
Ancient Greek philosopher (469-399 BCE) known for his method of questioning and emphasis on self-knowledge.
Plato
Greek philosopher (427-347 BCE) who introduced the theory of forms and the distinction between the world of senses and the world of ideas.
Aristotle
Greek philosopher (384-322 BCE) who emphasized empirical observation and the essence of things residing within them. knowledge is formed through human experience
Stoicism
A Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium that teaches the attainment of virtue and intellectual perfection.
Epicureanism
A philosophical system founded by Epicurus that advocates for a life of pleasure, particularly intellectual pleasure.
Neoplatonism
A philosophical tradition that seeks to revive and preserve Plato's insights, with notable figures like Plotinus and Proclus.
René Descartes
Philosopher (1596-1650) known as the Father of Modern Philosophy, famous for the statement "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am").
Phenomenology
A philosophical movement initiated by Edmund Husserl that focuses on the structures of experience and consciousness.
Ten Commandments of Philosophy
A set of guidelines for engaging in philosophical inquiry, emphasizing wonder, doubt, and the pursuit of truth.
Philosophy as the study of reality
philosophy not as a subject of natural or mathematical science, but also as beyond their domain
Philosophy as the study of justification
provide reasons or justifications to the claims we make
Philosophy as analysis to various concept that are central to our thought
what is central in philosophy is to get meaning of concepts we use
John Hosper
thought of 3 conceptions
Book of changes yi jing
one of the oldest chinese classics, yin yang divination
Book of history shujing
shaping chinese political philosophy
Book of Poetry Shijing
oldest existing collection of chinese poetry
Record of rites liji
covers wide range of topics, social norms, rituals and ceremonies
Spring and Autumn, A book of annals chunqui
record of significant events, death, battles, disaster
Ren Benevolence or humaneness, Lil Ritual propriety, Xiao filial piety
lun yu or conversations of the master
Chun yung or doctrine of mean
emphasizes importance of balance and moderation in all aspects of life
Ta heo or great learning
focuses on the principles of personal development and governance
Meng tse or teachings of mensius
collection of dialogues and sayings
practical and speculative
chinese philosophical tradition are primarily concerned with
Ionian thinkers such as Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes
The beginning of Western philosophy is traditionally attributed to early Greek thinkers in 600 BCE like
Frederick Coplestone
the splendid achievement of greek thought was cradled in Ionia
Miletus
The cradle of ionian philosophy
1500 - 1000 BCE
Indian or Hindu philosophy started to flourish
Atharva-Veda collections
Upanishads, aranyakas, philosophical instruction, treaties, reflection are found
a way of life
Asian philosophical traditions view philosophy as?
the identity of all being in brahman, The existence of maya, knowledge of all things in brahman or atman
essential philosophical teachings found in upanishads
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
The most well known influential among the ancient greek philosophers
anthropological and ethical rather than cosmological
primary focus of philosophical reflection
The world of senses and the world of ideas
Two world divide by plato
Alfred North Whitehead
claims that the entire western philosophy thought is a series of footnotes to plato
beliefs or doxa
formed based on experience of things around them
academy and lyceum
established schools, plato blank and aristotle blank
stoicism, epicureanism and academicians
Three major school of philosophical thought
Zeno of cithium
Stoic school founder
Ataraxia
this pleasure is not material but intellectual
Phenomenology
Philosophical method used in research, german philosopher edmund husserl in 19th and 20th century
Philosophy as speculation or speculative thinking, Philosophy as critical thinking or analysis, Philosophy as Reflective inquiry
Methods of philosophy
Michael lynch
The nature of truth author
