Bristol case study

Bristol’s importance - regional, national, international

**Regional**

* Bristol Airport is the biggest in the south west

**National**

* UK’s most centrally located seaport - ^^700,000^^ cars are imported to ^^Portbury^^ each year

**International**

* Bristol University attracts students and researchers from all over the world

Patterns of migration - national, international

**National**

* National migrants arrive for job opportunities (e.g ^^Airbus, Rolls Royce^^) and to study and university
* A higher proportion of internal migrants tend to stay in Bristol compared to other cities

**International**

* Accounted for half of Bristol’s population growth
* Large numbers are from EU countries, such as ^^Poland and Spain^^

Migration’s impacts - growth, character, other

**Growth Of The City**

* Population has grown to just under ^^500,000 people^^

**Character Of The City**

* Bristol’s large African and Afro-Caribbean population has had a significant cultural impact (e.g St Paul’s Carnival attracts ^^40,000^^ people every year)

**Other Impacts**

* Increase in housing prices - ^^Southville^^ house prices ^^£500,000^^ on average 
* Increase in social tension
* ^^9%^^ of children cannot speak English - extra lessons costs money

Ways of life in Bristol

**Culture**

* Old Vic, Hippodrome

**Ethnicity**

* 50 nationalities represented

**Housing**

* As the city has grown new housing areas have been developed (e.g ^^Bradley Stoke^^)

**Leisure**

* Planet Ice, Ashton Gate

**Consumption**

* High petrol consumption as a result of high car usage

Contemporary challenges - housing availability, transport provisions, access to services and inequality

**Housing Availability**

* Social housing found on outskirts of the city in areas such as ^^Lockleaze and Filwood^^
* House prices amongst the highest in the county in postcodes such as ^^BS9 and BS8^^, in the suburbs of Bristol

**Transport Provision**

* Issues with the lack of public transport in certain areas (e.g ^^Hartcliffe^^)


* Electric scooters introduced to ^^reduce congestion^^

**Access To Services And Inequality**

* In lower income areas there are poorer quality services such as medical centres and schools 
* In 2013 in ^^Filwood^^ only ^^36^^% of GCSE students got top grades
* Life expectancy in ^^Filwood is 78 years^^ - the average in Bristol in ^^80 years^^

One initiative to improve sustainability - transport improvements

**Clean Air Zone**

* Introduced in central Bristol in ^^November 2022^^
* ^^£9^^ charge for cars to travel through the zone if they are older + more polluting
* This should reduce the use of polluting vehicles and encourage walking and cycling