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What was the primary role of the Freedmen’s Bureau during Reconstruction?

It helped former slaves and poor southern whites, with its greatest success in education.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, marking a significant social and economic change.

What was the significance of black codes during Reconstruction?

They aimed to guarantee a stable labor supply and restore pre-emancipation race relations, imposing restrictions on African Americans.

Who became president after Lincoln's assassination?

Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln was assassinated.

What was the main condition of Lincoln's wartime reconstruction plan for southern states?

Southern states could rejoin the Union once 10% of state voters pledged loyalty and accepted emancipation.

What was Congress's response to the return of former Confederate officials to political office?

Congress called for a stricter version of Reconstruction known as Congressional Reconstruction.

What did the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 and the 14th Amendment guarantee?

They declared all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

What significant actions were taken by Congress under the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

It divided the South into military districts and required new constitutions to include black suffrage.

What did the 15th Amendment establish?

It granted universal male suffrage.

What was the purpose of the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871?

They aimed to stop the resistance to Reconstruction and were used to combat violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan.

What did the Reconstruction amendments (13th, 14th, 15th) establish?

They established freedom, equal protection, citizenship, and universal male suffrage.

What was the outcome of President Johnson's impeachment?

He was impeached but missed removal from office by one vote.

What was the long-term effect of the Reconstruction Amendments on African American rights?

While they initially established rights, those rights were progressively stripped away through various means.

How did the Civil War impact slavery and the idea of a divisible union?

It ended slavery and affirmed the idea of an indivisible union, but social and economic patterns largely remained unchanged.

What were scalawags and carpetbaggers?

Scalawags were cooperating southern whites, while carpetbaggers were northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 guarantee?

It guaranteed equal access to public places and the right to serve on juries.