U.S. History Since 1877

Quiz 1: Chapter 14

They were seized by federal forces in Nov. 1861. Found vast system of cotton plantations, no planters. Ex-slaves planted sweet potatoes for consumption instead of cotton. (Independent farmers). Later, Federal officials didn’t offer land to the freedmen because “African Americans could not handle freedom responsibly without the guidance of white employers. Freedmen were hired as wage laborers and resumed cotton cultivation.

What happened in the Sea Islands Case?

Davis Bend, Mississippi plantations owned by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his brother Joseph. Before Civil War, tried to make it a slave-labor community where slaves received better food and some autonomy (freedom). Hoped others would follow their example and refute the abolitionist argument that slavery was inhumane. Got the opposite. Showed freedmen could be independent. Ulysses S. Grant saw this and ordered federal officials to lease land to the freedmen. They established their own local govt. and cleared a profit of $160,000 in cotton sales.

What happened in the Mississippi Case?

700,000 former slaves-Union forces seized New Orleans in April 1862-established a policy from slavery to emancipation. This policy stated African Americans could not responsibly handle their freedom. Blacks were required to stay on their plantations and had one year contracts, were also wage laborers. Traveling required a pass. African Americans in New Orleans demanded equal rights to all freedmen. (to vote and hold office).

What happened in the Louisiana Case?

This plan pardoned all Southerners (except high ranking military officers and confederate officials) who took an oath pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation. As soon as 10% of state voters took this oath, they could call a convention, establish a new state govt. and apply for congressional recognition. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction.

What was the 10% plan?

They were enraged by the 10% plan. Leaders Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Congressman Henry W. Davis of Mary cosponsored the Wade-Davis Bill. They believed land was essential for former slaves and sought to replace Lincoln after he pocket vetoed this bill.

What did the Radical Republicans believe?

a reconstruction program designed to punish confederate leaders and destroy the South’s slave society. Southerners could reestablish new state govts. only after a majority of state voters signed an “ironclad” oath declaring they never aided the Confederate army or govt. officials would be stripped of the citizenship (right to vote and hold office).

What is the Wade-Davis Bill?

People have the power to define themselves. Ex: The Colored Tennessean (African American owned newspaper), movement, black churches, charities, landowners (40 acres), independent living, education.

What is Human Agency? Provide Examples.

They outraged Northern Republicans and caused new Southern state govts. to pass laws known as Black Codes.

What did Johnson’s actions cause?

Laws designed by the ex-confederate states to sharply limit the civil and economic rights of freedmen and create an exploitable work force. Established “vagrancy” (having no home or employment) -any freedmen could be arrested for seeking opportunities.

What were the Black Codes?

White southerners’ derogatory term for Northerners who came South after the war to settle, work, or aid the ex-slaves. Falsely suggested they were penniless adventurers who came South merely to get rich.

Carpetbagger

White Southerners derogatory term for fellow whites considered traitors to their region and race for joining the Republican party and cooperating with Reconstruction Policy.

Scalawags

Resolution of the disputed presidential election of 1876 that handed victory to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Democrats agreed to the deal in exchange for patronage and the continued removal of federal troops from the South.

Compromise of 1877

South believed they won the war and were brave. They were “attacked” by the Union and built monuments.

What is the “Lost Cause”?

Consisted of 3 main elements: segregation (racial divisions), disenfranchisement, and violence.

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

KKK, terrorist organizations (etc.)

How did the Southern states respond to freedom?

He believed slavery was wrong up until he became president.

What did Seymour believe?

1st federal law to affirm that all U.S. Citizens are equally protected under the law. It is illegal to deny any person the rights of citizenship on the basis of race or color. This eventually changed to the 14th Amendment because its harder to change it.

Civils Rights Act of 1866.

13th,14th,and 15th Amendment.

What are the 3 cornerstones of Reconstruction?

Abolished slavery.

13th Amendment.

Grants citizenship to and protects the civil liberties of people recently freed from slavery.

14th Amendment.

Allowed Black Men to vote.

15th Amendment.