Week 1 Defining Health and Health Belief Models, Health Promotion & Health Teaching

Importance of Patient Education

• Helps patients maintain, restore, and improve health while supporting independence and self-management

• Supports independence and self-management

Role of the Nurse in Teaching

Assess learning needs, plan care, provide teaching, and evaluate outcomes

Readiness to Learn

Motivation and willingness to learn

Ability to Learn

Physical and cognitive capacity to learn

Teaching Strategies

Use simple language, short sessions, visual aids, demonstrations, and involve family

Documentation of Teaching

Include needs, teaching provided, response, outcomes, and readiness

What does health promotion focus on

improving well-being and quality of life

What does health promotion emphasize

• Lifestyle change

• Empowerment

• Self-responsibility

what does health protection focus on?

shielding individuals and populations from specific health threats

Disease Prevention

involves risk reduction, early disease detection, limiting complications through education, screening, early interventions

Primordial Prevention

• Occurs before risk factors develop

• Targets social and environmental determinants of health

• Often policy or community based

Examples of primordial prevention

• Healthy school lunch programs

• Urban planning that promotes physical activity

• Reducing sodium in food supply

Primary Prevention

• Occurs before disease begins

• Aims to reduce vulnerability to disease by including health promotion and specific protection

Examples of primary prevention

• Health education

• Immunizations

• Lifestyle counselling

• Use of safety equipment

Secondary Prevention

• Early Focuses on early detection and prompt treatment

• Aims to stop disease progression

Examples of secondary prevention

• Screening programs

• Early treatment

• Health teaching during screening

Tertiary Prevention

• Occurs after disease or disability is established

• Aims to reduce complications and restore function

Examples of tertiary prevention

• Rehab

• Chronic disease management

Healthy People Initiative

National strategy to improve population health

what are the key goals of the healthy people initiatives

• Increasing quality and years of healthy life

• Eliminating health disparities (differences)

Illness definition

Subjective experience of symptoms or altered functioning

Disease

Objective and measurable abnormality

Wellness

Active process of making choices towards a healthy, fulfilling life

Wellness-Illness Continuum

Says that health exists on a continuum not a fixed state where individuals move back and forth on the continuum throughout the life

Ranges of well-illness continuum

High-level wellness → neutral health → illness → death

Dimensions of Health

Physical, emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual, and environmental

WHO Definition of Health

Health is a complete physical, mental and social well-being, and is more than the absence of disease

Medical Model to Health Care

• Focuses on diagnosis and treatment of disease

• Health is the absence of illness

Behavioural Model to Health Care

• Health is influenced by individual lifestyle choices

• Emphasizes personal responsibility for health

Socioenvironmental Model to Health Care

• Health is shaped by social, economic and environmental factors

• Emphasizes community action and policy change