N244 Unit 1 Pharmacology

N244 Unit 1 Exam

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Therapeutic Range

10 to 20 mcg/mL.

hold and notify provider if level is 25 mcg/mL or higher.

Phenytoin capacity-limited metabolism

IV form of Phenytoin

half-life extends to 24 to 42 hours in overdose.

Phenytoin Adverse Effect: Gingival Hyperplasia

Swollen, bleeding gums that must be reported to evaluate progression; impairment reduces clearance and elevates toxicity risk.

Phenytoin Hypersensitivity Warning

Report new-onset fever or skin rash immediately to rule out Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Phenytoin Infusion Complication

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Mimics GABA to inhibit hyperactive neurons; carries low risk of liver toxicity.

Phenobarbital (Barbituates)

Used for seizures and chronic neuropathy; Commonly dosed at 15 to 40 mcg/mL.

Acetazolamide (Diamox) Uses

Decreases cerebrospinal fluid production in the choroid plexus to manage hydrocephalus; Withhold if greater than 320 mOsm/kg.