Chapter 10: The Youth Justice System

Young Offender

Youth aged 12-17 involved in criminal activities.

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)

Legislation that governs the youth justice system in Canada, focusing on accountability, rehabilitation, and respect for human rights.

Age of Criminality

In Canada, individuals as young as 12 can be held responsible for criminal acts, distinguishing between child (0-11), youth (12-17), and adult (18+) categories.

Extrajudicial and Alternative Measures Program

Intended for first-time, nonviolent offenders to divert them from the formal court process through rehabilitation programs.

Parental or Guardian Involvement

Parents must be informed promptly if their child is detained, involved in the legal process, and may be ordered to attend hearings or supervise their child.

Transfer to Adult Court

Occurs when a youth aged 14 or older commits a serious or violent crime, leading to potential adult sentences if transferred.

Criminal Records

Youth justice court records may be retained beyond age 18, affecting bail hearings and sentencing, with eventual restrictions on access based on time passed.

Custody

The most severe sentence for youth offenders, used when deemed a danger to society, with open custody for supervision and closed/secure custody for serious offenses or repeat offenders.