States of Matter

These flashcards cover key concepts related to states of matter, including definitions of thermal energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, various states of matter, phase changes, and relevant theories.

Thermal energy

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object.

Kinetic energy

Energy in motion.

Potential energy

Stored energy.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The theory stating that all matter is made of small particles in constant random motion.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.

Solid

A state of matter with a fixed volume and fixed shape, where particles are tightly held together.

Liquid

A state of matter with a fixed volume but changing shape based on its container.

Gas

A state of matter with no fixed volume or shape, where particles can freely move.

Diffusion

The process by which gas particles spread out to fill the container.

Plasma

A state of matter composed of charged particles with high kinetic energy.

Heat of fusion

The amount of energy needed to turn a solid into a liquid at its melting point.

Heat of vaporization

The amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

Vaporization

The phase/state transition from liquid to gas.

Evaporation

Vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.

Boiling

Vaporization that occurs throughout the liquid due to a temperature change.

Heating curve

A diagram showing the state transitions a substance undergoes as heat is added to it.

Solid to Liquid

melting

Liquid to Gas

Vaporization

Gas to Solid

Deposition

Solid to gas

Sublimation

Gas to liquid

Condensation

Liquid to Solid

freezing

Solid to liquid adding or removing energy?

Adding

Liquid to solid adding or removing energy?

Removing

Liquid to Gas adding or removing energy?

Adding

Gas to liquid removing or adding energy?

Remving

Gas to solid adding or removing energy?

Removing

Solid to gas adding or removing energy?

Adding

Thermal energy

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object.

Kinetic energy

Energy in motion.

Potential energy

Stored energy.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The theory stating that all matter is made of small particles in constant random motion.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.

Solid

A state of matter with a fixed volume and fixed shape, where particles are tightly held together.

Liquid

A state of matter with a fixed volume but changing shape based on its container.

Gas

A state of matter with no fixed volume or shape, where particles can freely move.

Diffusion

The process by which gas particles spread out to fill the container.

Plasma

A state of matter composed of charged particles with high kinetic energy.

Heat of fusion

The amount of energy needed to turn a solid into a liquid at its melting point.

Heat of vaporization

The amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

Vaporization

The phase/state transition from liquid to gas.

Evaporation

Vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.

Boiling

Vaporization that occurs throughout the liquid due to a temperature change.

Heating curve

A diagram showing the state transitions a substance undergoes as heat is added to it.

Solid to Liquid

melting

Liquid to Gas

Vaporization

Gas to Solid

Deposition

Solid to gas

Sublimation

Gas to liquid

Condensation

Liquid to Solid

freezing

Solid to liquid adding or removing energy?

Adding

Liquid to solid adding or removing energy?

Removing

Liquid to Gas adding or removing energy?

Adding

Gas to liquid removing or adding energy?

Removing

Gas to solid adding or removing energy?

Removing

Solid to gas adding or removing energy?

Adding

Particle arrangement of a solid

Particles are tightly packed in a fixed, regular pattern and vibrate in place.

Particle arrangement of a liquid

Particles are close together but have no regular arrangement, allowing them to flow and slide past each other.

Particle arrangement of a gas

Particles are far apart with no regular arrangement and move rapidly and independently in random motion.