Human Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation

Anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Physiology

Study of the function of body parts, and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

What are the subdivisions of anatomy?

Gross, macroscopic, regional, surface, and system anatomy

Gross/macroscopic anatomy

the study of large or visible structures

Regional anatomy

looks at all structures an a particular area of the body

System anatomy

looks at just one system

What are 3 examples of system anatomy?

cardiovascular, nervous, muscular

Surface anatomy

looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin

What are 2 surface anatomy examples?

visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface

Microscopic anatomy

deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

Cytology

the microscopic study of cells

Histology

the microscopic study of tissues

Developmental anatomy

studies anatomical and physiological development throughout life

Embryology

the study of developments before birth

How to study anatomy?

To study anatomy, one must know anatomical terminology and be able to observe, manipulate, palpate, and awuscultate

Where are subdivisions of physiology based?

organ systems like renal or cardiovascular physiology

Where does physiology often focus?

Often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of the body

What does physiology look at?

Looks at how the body’s abilities are dependent on chemical reactions in individual cells

How to study physiology?

To study physiology, one must understand basic physical principles as well as basic chemical principles

What are examples of basic physical principles (in relation to physiology)

electrical currents, pressure, and movement

What word describes anatomy and physiology together?

inseperable

What is the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

It says that function always reflects structure, what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

Explain this image and how it relates the principle of complementarity of structure and function

The sharp edges of incisors (structure) makes them ideal for cutting like scissors (function). While the flat surface of molars (structure) make them ideal for grinding, like a mortar and pestle (function)

Describe this image

This diagram is showing the levels of organization in the human body—basically, how tiny pieces build up into the entire human organism. The big idea is each level builds on the level before it. Small structures combine to create increasingly complex structures until you get the whole human body.