APUSH Unit 4

Louisiana Purchase

An 1803 agreement where the United States acquired a vast territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the nation.

Haitian Revolution

A successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) between 1791 and 1804, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution who transformed the slave insurgency into a successful anti-colonial campaign.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French leader who attempted to restore French control in the New World but ultimately abandoned plans after losing Haiti.

Tallmadge Amendment

Proposed an end to slavery in Missouri, advocating for gradual emancipation; intensified sectional tensions before the Missouri Compromise.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy introduced in 1823 asserting that the Americas should be free from European intervention, establishing the U.S. as a sphere of influence.

Economic Nationalism

An ideology promoting the interests of a nation's economy, often characterized by protective tariffs and government intervention in economic affairs.

The American System

A plan proposed by Henry Clay aimed at economic development through a national bank, protective tariffs, and infrastructure improvements.

Panic of 1819

The first major economic crisis in the U.S. following the War of 1812, characterized by deflation, bankruptcies and a significant economic downturn.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

An 1817 agreement between the U.S. and Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes, fostering improved relations.

Adams-Onis Treaty

An 1819 agreement in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States and defined the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase.

Corrupt Bargain

The alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the 1824 election, which angered supporters of Andrew Jackson.

Erie Canal

Completed in 1825, this canal linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie, providing a critical transportation route for goods and people.

Market Revolution

A transformation in the U.S. economy marked by the rise of factories, mass production, and a shift to a market-oriented economy.

Judicial Nationalism

The reinforcement of federal power by the Supreme Court through landmark decisions that supported national economic and legal frameworks.

Gibbons v. Ogden

An 1824 Supreme Court case that affirmed federal authority over interstate commerce and established the primacy of federal law over state law.

Internal Improvements

Government-funded projects aimed at enhancing infrastructure such as roads, canals, and railroads to facilitate economic growth.

Jacksonian Democracy

A political philosophy advocating for greater democracy for the common man, characterized by the expansion of suffrage and greater political participation.

Age of Reform

A period in the early 19th century focused on various social reforms including temperance, women's rights, and educational improvements.

Second Great Awakening

A Protestant revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized individual piety and social reform.