ap euro - midterm units 1, 2, and 3

the seven provinces that became the united provinces of the netherlands emerged as a nation in 1572 after revolting against…

spain

the great northern war involved what two nations?

russia and sweden

after the economy declined and shipbuilding was taken over by england, the dutch remained strong in…

financial institutions

what government was able to build a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates, diets, or assemblies?

political absolutism embodied in france

the militia ordinance gave english parliament the power to…

raise its own army

who were the supporters of charles I and parliment in the english civil war?

the cavaliers and the roundheads respectively

during the reign of james I, the british parliament met…

only when convened by the monarch

under the treaty of dover, charles II allied with the … against the …

french, dutch

charles I might have ruled indefinitely without parliament has his religious policies not provoked war with…

scotland

after cromwell’s death, the english were soon ready to restore…

the monarchy and anglican church

which of the following kings issued the first declaration of indulgence in 1672?

charles II

according to advocates of the “divine right of kings,“ kings could only be judged by…

god

king louis XIV made life difficult for…

huguenots

the organization that formed to resist the military aggression of louis XIV was the

League of Augsburg

john locke argues against absolute monarchy in his…

second treatise of civil government

which of these were the major components of the habsburg lands in the 1700s?

bohemia, austria, hungary

Who was known as the Great Elector?

fredrick william

The document authorizing succession of the Habsburg crown through the female heir, Maria Theresa, was the…

pragmatic sanction

The reign of Ivan IV was followed by the …

“time of troubles“

Under the rule of Peter the Great, Russia's boyars ________.

lost much of their power

Under the Peace of Nystad in 1721, Russia gained control of________

estonia, livonia, and part of finland

St. Petersburg ________

exemplified russia’s new orientation to the west

Michael Romanov was the ________.

first of the romanov dynasty to rule russia

Peter I came to power in Russia with the assistance of the ______

strelsy

Peter the Great's inspiration for rebuilding his court in St. Petersburg was ________

versailles

Changes in military structure and technologies ________

made finance a key element in political maneuvering

which is true of the netherlands?

toleration marked the dutch religious life where peoples of differing religious faith lived together peacefully

The economy of the Netherlands in the seventeenth century can be described as ________

strong and diverse

What were the two dominant models of European political development in the early modern period?

parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism

What policies did Sir Robert Walpole promote as chief minister in England?

he maintained peace abroad and promoted religious and political liberty at home

The Petition of Right can be characterized as _________

parliment’s demands for the king in exchange for voting new taxes

Under Oliver Cromwell, England was officially ________

a puritan rebulican

In the Treaty of Dover, Charles II and Louis XIV's secret agreement called for Charles II to_______

announce his conversion to Catholicism, and in exchange louis XIV promised to pay a substantial subsidy

Which of the following events completed the Glorious Revolution?

william and his wife mary were proclaimed english monarchs

John Law believed that _______

an increase in the paper-money supply would stimulate france’s economic recovery

The chief feature of eighteenth-century French political life was the ________

nobles trying to use their authority to limit the power of the monarchy

Which of the following dynasties is correctly identified with the region it ruled?

hohenzollern dynasty in prussia

What did Peter the Great learn about his son, Aleksei that presented a problem for the monarchy?

aleksei could become a focus for rebellion

The goal of the Table of Ranks was to _______

draw the nobility in state service

Russian victory in the Great Northern War led to _______

a permanent russian influence on european affairs

Peter the Great's creation of the procurator general illustrates his attempt to ________

bring the church under secular control

Prussia is unique in early modern history because the Hohenzollerns ________

created a major new state

Poland is an example of a state that was weak because of _______

the ascendancy of its nobility

The Habsburg Empire can be described as ________

large but divided

What was the effect in France of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the ensuing religious repression?

france became a symbol of intolerance

In what way did the Sejm fail Poland?

the sejm required a unanimity for any legislative action which blocked effective government

What problem did the Pragmatic Sanction attempt to address?

a female heir to the throne

How did Frederick William I differ from Frederick the Great in use of military power?

fredrick william I was avoided putting his military into places of conflict while fredrick the great advanced destructive invasions

The Table of Ranks and the Holy Synod were both implemented by Peter the Great to _______

expand central secular authority

Peter the Great attempted to emulate which political model?

french absolutism

When James I and Charles I attempted to rule as strong monarchs, they were blocked primarily by ________

parliament

The Militia Ordinance effectively did which of these?

made the parliament an independent power in britain

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes is best seen in the context of Louis XIV's policy of ________

unifying france under a absolute monarchy

Poland can be seen as an extreme example of the political model represented by _______

england

The idea of the divine right of kings was attractive to monarchs because it effectively ________

made them free of noble rule

The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in ________

the west indies

A peninsulare was a person ________

born in spain

As a result of a scarcity of labor, which of the following nations were the first to quickly turn to importing African slaves?

spain and portugal

he first slaves traded in the transatlantic economy, in the early sixteenth century, landed in ________

the west indies and south america

Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in ________ areas.

portuguese

A vast increase in the number of Africans brought as slaves to the Americas occurred during the eighteenth century, with most arriving in ________

the caribbean or brazil

Colonial trade in the transatlantic world roughly followed a ________

triangle

The War of Jenkins's Ear was fought by England to block incursions on British trade by ________

spain

Maria Theresa's great achievement was ________

habsburg empire as a major political power

The French and Indian War formally erupted in the summer of ________

1755

The Seven Years' War was fought mainly in ________

north america

Much credit for Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War should go to ________

william pitt the elder

Europe's balance of power was upset when Prussia's King Frederick II seized the Austrian province of ________

silesia

The defensive alliance aimed at preventing the entry of foreign troops into the German states was the _______

convention of westminster

Benjamin Franklin gained assistance against Britain from ________

france

The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was ________

a shift in alliances

The act that put a tax on legal documents and other items such as newspapers was the ________

stamp act

What crop, more than any other increased the early demand for slave labor?

sugar

Britain changed the outcome of the Seven Years' War when it came to the aid of ________

prussia

The war that gave the world a successful government without kings was the ________

american revolution

Although the primary trade pattern of the transatlantic economy was from Africa and Europe to the Americas, a secondary trade pattern existed between _______

new england and the west indies

To what region was the greatest number of slaves sent?

the west indies

The philosophy of John Locke contributed to the rhetoric surrounding which war?

the american revolution

The intendants used by Charles III amounted to an expansion of _________

royal power

The leader of the Yorkshire Association Movement was ________

christopher wyvil

The commercial empires of the 1700s were a feature of the _________stage of European imperialism.

second

Which of the following factors allowed European nations to exert influence and dominance over much of the world?

technological superiority

Mercantilist thinkers assumed that ________

only modest levels of economic growth were possible

Under mercantilism, colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources for the industries of the home country, and in turn, the home country was to _______

protect and administer the colonies

According to the text, which of the following were closely related?

warfare in west africa and slavery in the americas

What two areas were often the source of conflict and wars between the great powers in the mid-eighteenth century?

overseas empures and central and eastern europe

Frederick II's invasion of Silesia offset the continental balance of power and ________

shattered the provisions of the pragmatic sanction

The war over the Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict might have remained separate disputes; what united them was the _______

role of france

At the outbreak of the French and Indian War, new political alliances formed in Europe and included an alliance between ________

france and austria

From the British victory in the French and Indian War, Great Britain became not only a European power, but also a world power until ________

world war II

What was the outcome of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?

the treaty granted independence to the american colonies

What was the reaction of the American colonists to the Quebec Act?

the americans regarded the quebec act as an attempt to prevent their mode of self-governement from spreading beyond the appalachian mountains

At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, what two imperial problems did the British government face?

the costs of maintaining its empire and the vast expanse of new territory in north america that it had to organize

After 1713, what did the following colonies have in common: Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Bermuda, Jamaica, and Barbados?

they were all british colonies

What was one of the most important causes that drove European nations to increase their taxes in the mid-eighteenth century?

they had to pay off their war debts from prolonged wars

What did the world learn about the Atlantic Passage from memoirs and ships logs?

the process of moving africans to the americas was horrific and inhumane

What conditions in Africa facilitated the capture and forced transport of African slave labor?

political unrest and inter-tribal warfare

Religion among slave communities in the Americas is best described as ________

a mixture of christian and african traditions

What advantage did the peninsulares receive in the Spanish Colonies?

they received the best, most profitable jobs in the region

The Yorkshire Association Movement was started in England to _______

reform the government