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Jeffersonian Era
The period from 1800 to 1824 characterized by a focus on agrarianism, limited government, and strict constitutional interpretation.
Louisiana Purchase
The acquisition of territory from France in 1803 that doubled the size of the United States.
Judiciary Act of 1789
Legislation that established the federal judiciary system in the United States.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
A landmark case that established the principle of judicial review.
Market Revolution
A transition from subsistence farming to a market-oriented economy between the 1810s and 1840s.
Indian Removal Act
A law passed in 1830 that authorized the forced relocation of Native Americans.
Abolitionism
A movement to end slavery and promote African American rights, exemplified by figures like Frederick Douglass.
Manifest Destiny
The belief in the 1840s that American expansion across the continent was ordained by God.
13th Amendment
The amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.
Trail of Tears
The forced relocation of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands during the 1830s.
Cotton Gin
A machine that rapidly removes seeds from cotton fibers, significantly impacting agricultural productivity.
Nullification Crisis
A conflict during Jackson's presidency over states' rights and tariffs that questioned federal authority.
Jim Crow
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States after Reconstruction.
Dawes Act (1887)
Legislation aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis in the United States that led to a severe economic depression.
Women’s Rights Movement
A social movement advocating for the rights and equality of women, significantly highlighted by the Seneca Falls Convention.
Plains Wars
A series of conflicts between the United States and various Native American tribes in the Great Plains.
The Liberator
An abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison that advocated for the immediate emancipation of slaves.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
A Supreme Court case that asserted federal control over interstate commerce.
Freedmen's Bureau
A federal agency created to assist newly freed slaves in the South during the Reconstruction era.
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