MY

Main 1800s Points- APUSH

Jeffersonian Era (1800-1824)

  • Key Characteristics: Focus on agrarianism, limited government, and strict constitutional interpretation.

  • Notable Events: Louisiana Purchase (1803), Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806), Embargo Act (1807).

  • Key Figures: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison.

Supreme Court Establishment and Major Cases

  • Judiciary Act of 1789: Established the federal judiciary system.

  • Key Cases:

    • Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established judicial review.

    • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Strengthened federal power over states.

    • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Asserted federal control over interstate commerce.

Market Revolution (1810s-1840s)

  • Definition: Transition from subsistence farming to market-oriented economy.

  • Technological Advances: Cotton gin, steamboats, railroads, telegraph.

  • Impacts:

    • Growth of factories, urbanization.

    • Rise of wage labor and labor unions.

    • Expansion of slavery due to demand for cotton.

Jacksonian America (1828-1848)

  • What Was It About?: Expanded suffrage for white males, populism, opposition to elite institutions like the National Bank.

  • Key Policies:

    • Indian Removal Act (1830), leading to the Trail of Tears.

    • Nullification Crisis over tariffs.

  • Issues: Economic instability (Panic of 1837), conflicts over federal vs. state power.

Slavery in the 1830s

  • Commentary and Opinions:

    • Abolitionist movement grows (The Liberator by William Lloyd Garrison, Nat Turner’s Rebellion).

    • Southern defenses of slavery as a "positive good."

  • Dealing with Slavery: Fugitive Slave Act enforcement, gag rule in Congress.

Reform Era (1820s-1860s)

  • Key Reforms:

    • Abolitionism (Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth).

    • Temperance movement (American Temperance Society).

    • Women’s rights (Seneca Falls Convention, 1848).

    • Education reform (Horace Mann).

    • Prison and asylum reform (Dorothea Dix).

American Expansion West (Manifest Destiny, 1840s)

  • Drivers: Economic opportunities, land availability, belief in American cultural superiority.

  • Key Events:

    • Annexation of Texas (1845).

    • Oregon Trail, California Gold Rush (1849).

    • Mexican-American War (1846-1848).

Immigration and Sectional Immigration (1830s-1850s)

  • Who and When:

    • Irish (potato famine, 1840s).

    • Germans (political upheaval, 1840s).

  • Problems:

    • Nativism (Know-Nothing Party).

    • Competition for jobs in cities.

  • Sectional Patterns: Immigrants gravitated towards the North; limited presence in the South.

White Conflicts Beyond Slavery

  • Economic tensions: Industrial North vs. agrarian South.

  • Political divisions: Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans, later Whigs vs. Democrats.

Reconstruction Period (1865-1877)

  • Key Aspects:

    • 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

    • Freedmen's Bureau and struggles for African American civil rights.

    • Black Codes and rise of Jim Crow.

  • Challenges: Sharecropping system, Northern fatigue, rise of the Ku Klux Klan.

Native American Life and Policies (1830s-1870s)

  • Key Events:

    • Trail of Tears (forced relocation under the Indian Removal Act).

    • Plains Wars and resistance (Battle of Little Bighorn).

  • Government Policies:

    • Reservation system.

    • Dawes Act (1887, later).

    • Suppression of culture (boarding schools).