APUSH - Period 3 Notes/Big Ideas

Primary cause of the French and Indian War

Disputes over religious differences between British and French settlers

Treaty of Paris (1763) result

Britain gaining significant territories in North America, including Canada and lands east of the Mississippi River

Major consequence of Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War

A massive increase in Britain's national debt

Reason for issuing the Proclamation of 1763

To prevent further conflicts with Native Americans by restricting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

Cause of Pontiac's Rebellion

British encroachment on Native American lands in the Great Lakes region

Meaning of the slogan 'No taxation without representation'

Only their elected representatives had the right to levy taxes

The Stamp Act

Act that imposed a direct tax on the colonies for stamped paper

Benjamin Franklin

Colonial leader who used diplomacy for independence support

Daughters of Liberty in the American Revolution

Group that organized boycotts of British goods and produced homespun cloth

Thomas Paine

Individual who advocated immediate independence from Britain and the establishment of a republic

The Battle of Saratoga

Turning point battle of the American Revolution that convinced France to help the United States

Olive Branch Petition

A final attempt at reconciliation before the Revolutionary War

Republican motherhood

Emphasized women's role in teaching republican values to their children

Abigail Adams

Early feminist who urged her husband to 'remember the ladies'

Haitian Revolution

Inspired by the principles of freedom and equality from the American and French revolutions

Articles of Confederation

First governing framework for the United States

Key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Weak central government with limited powers

Shays' Rebellion

Highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation by showing the government's failure to address economic injustices and maintain order

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Provided a framework for admitting new states to the Union and a ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory

Great Compromise

Resolved the debate over representation of large and small states by creating a bicameral legislature

Three-Fifths Compromise

Addressed the issue of counting enslaved people for representation and taxation purposes

The Federalist Papers

Series of essays that played a key role in persuading the public and state legislatures to support the ratification of the Constitution

Bill of Rights

Added to the Constitution primarily to address the concerns of Anti-Federalists by protecting individual liberties

Federalism

Refers to the division of power between national and state governments as established by the Constitution

Checks and balances

Designed to allow each branch of government to limit the powers of the others

Necessary and Proper Clause

Allows Congress to make laws required for the execution of its enumerated powers

Constitutional Convention

Convened in response to the need to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Tenth Amendment

Reinforced the principle of federalism by reserving powers to the states

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

Jay's Treaty

1794 treaty with Britain addressing British presence in the Northwest Territory

Pinckney's Treaty

1795 treaty with Spain securing free navigation of the Mississippi River

XYZ Affair

Undeclared naval conflict between U.S. and France in 1797-1798

Mission San Diego de Alcalá

First of the 21 California missions, founded in 1769

Treaty of Greenville

1795 treaty resulting in cession of Ohio land to the U.S.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established federal judiciary and system of district and circuit courts

Federalists

Advocated for strong central government, financial system, and ties with Britain

Democratic-Republicans

Championed states' rights, agrarian economy, and pro-France foreign policy

Washington's Farewell Address

Document advising national unity, caution against political factions and foreign alliances

National Bank

Part of Hamilton's financial plan, a key point of contention between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Quasi-War

Undeclared naval conflict between U.S. and France following the XYZ Affair

Mission System

Spanish strategy of establishing missions in California to expand influence

Presidential Veto

Power used by Washington to reject legislation, setting a precedent

American Legal System

Established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, creating federal courts

American Folk Music

Musical identity reflecting diverse traditions

Southern Hospitality

Cultural element from the South influencing national culture

Neoclassical Architecture

Architectural style reflecting republican ideals

Hudson River School

Artistic movement celebrating American landscapes

Frontier Cultures

Unique societies shaped by frontier challenges

Missouri Compromise

Legislation balancing interests of slave and free states