Unit 3: Chapter 2.1 - Dynamic Equilibrium

Equilibrium

achieved in a closed system when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal; it appears as if there is no further change (Can not be achieved in an open system)

Open Systems

Can exchange energy and matter with surroundings

Closed Systems

Can only exchange energy with surroundings

Irreversible Reactions

a reaction in which the products cannot be converted back to the reactants; only occur in one direction

Reversible Reactions

a reaction in which the products, once formed, can react together to re-form the reactants (⇌ is used to indicate a reversible process)

Equilibrium

achieved in a closed system when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal; it appears as if there is no further change (Cannot be achieved in an open system)

Saturated Solution

contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved in the solution

Dynamic Equilibrium

when a reversible reaction reaches a point where the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal

Extent of a Reaction

indicates how much product is formed at equilibrium

What is the difference between open and closed systems?

In an open system matter and energy can be exchanged with the surroundings, whereas in a closed system, only energy can be exchanged with the surroundings

True/False: The extent of reaction indicates the rate of the reaction, and indicates the time taken to reach equilibrium

False

True/False: The extent of reaction is the point where there are equal amounts of reactants and products

False

True/False: The extent of the reaction indicates how far the reaction has proceeded in the forward direction when equilibrium is achieved

True

True/False: The extent of the reaction indicates the rate of reaction and is the point when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

False

Yes/No: Is a salt crystal slowly dissolving in a beaker of water at equilibrium?

No

Yes/No: Is a saturated sugar solution with sugar remaining on the bottom of the cup at equilibrium?

Yes

Yes/No: Is an open bottle of perfume at equilibrium?

No

Yes/No: Is the combustion of a log of wood in a campfire at equilibrium?

No

Yes/No: Is an open bottle of sparkling mineral water at equilibrium?

No

Yes/No: Is an unopened bottle of sparkling mineral water at equilibrium?

Yes

a: forward reaction, b: point where equilibrium is first established, c: reverse reaction

Describe a b and c in the rate-time graph above