Quiz 1 Terms

Origins of the Modern World (1500 to present) Quiz 1 terms

The 5 C’s of historical thinking

The concepts of change over time, causality, context, complexity, and contingency.

Teleology

The idea that historical events unfold into a predetermined outcome

Change over time

Recognizing how events transform throughout history

Causality

Analyzing the causes and effects of historical events

Context

Examining specific circumstances and their backgrounds to understand the historical event

Complexity

Acknowledging the intricate nature of historical events

Contingency

Recognizing that different choices could have led to different results

Vasco da Gama

A Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first to sail from Europe to India

Prince Henry the Navigator

He promoted voyage exploration in west africa to enter the gold trade, discover profitable routes, etc.

The Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, disease, and culture between africa, europe, and the americas

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese navigator that continued off Christopher Columbus’ goal of establishing a western route to Asian water under the service of Spain

Seven Years’ War

A global conflict that resulted in British dominance over north america and india.

Astrolabe

A navigation tool that helped determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun above the horizon

Johannes Gutenberg

The inventor of the European printing press

Gutenberg Press

A movable printing press to print text and images on paper.

Gutenberg Bible

Gutenberg produced multiple completed bibles in 3 years.

Vellum

Animal skin that was used to make books on the printing press

Scriptorium

A room that monks go to procure manuscripts

Vernacular language

The language spoken by everyday people.

Erasmus

He was a Dutch scholar, writer, and humanist who used the printing press to publish his own books

Hernan Cortes

A spanish conquistador that conquered the Aztec empire and claimed mexico for spain

Nahuatl

The principal language of the Aztec empire

Tenochtitlan

the aztec capital

Encomiendas

A spanish labour system where spanish settlers forced the Taino to work in the mines or fields.

Francisco Pizarro

A spanish conqueror of the Inca empire

Motecuzoma

The Aztec emperor

Criollos

Those born in the americas of Iberian parents

Zambos

Those born of indigenous and african parents

Potosi

A rich mine in the Andes

Quinto

the principal revenue that the spanish government reserves a fifth of the silver production for itself

Manila Galleons

spanish ships that transported goods from the philippines to mexico

Hacienda

prominent sites of agricultural and craft production in spanish america/ estates

James Cook

A seaman who approached Australia from the southeast and charted the region

Dona Marina

She was Hernan Cortes’ interpretor between spanish, mayan, and nahuatl

Incunabula

Any printing book printed before the 1500s

Engraving

A carving of an image made on metal where the acid eats away at the metal to then be printed

Woodcut

A printing technique where a carving of an image on a block of wood is made to then be printed in books

Print revolution

the era of the printing press that brought the ability to create books and spread knowledge

Mestizos

those of spanish and native parentage