Hematology and hematopoiesis

The life maintaining fluid that circulates in the body’s vasculature

Blood

The study of blood

Hematology

List three things that blood provides to tissues

Nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, oxygen

What two things does blood remove from the tissues?

Waste and Carbon dioxide

The liquid portion of blood without the clotting factors intact

plasma

The production of cells

Hematopoiesis

All blood cells arise from the same ____________?

Stem cells

Stem cells differentiate into erythroid, myeloid, or lymphoid in response to …?

Cytokines

The primary cytokine responsible for production of red blood cells

Erythropoietin

Where is erythropoietin made?

Made in the kidneys

Primary cytokine responsible for production of white blood cells

Leukopoietin

Primary cytokine responsible for production of thrombocytes

Thrombopoietin

List three organs involved in hematopoiesis

Bone marrow (primary), Kidney, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, thymus

List three changes to red blood cells as they mature

1. Decrease in size

2. Nucleus gets smaller and then disappears

3. Cytoplasm turns from dark blue/purple to red

List the maturation sequence of erythrocytes

1. Rubricyte

2. Prorubricyte

3. Basophilic rubricyte

4. Polychromatophilic rubricyte

5. Metarubricyte

6. Reticulocyte

7. Erythrocyte

Which stain can highlight nuclear remnants in reticulocytes?

New Methylene Blue stain

Describe the difference between polychromatophils and reticulocytes

They are the same cell with a different stain applied

Diff-quik stain = polychromatophil

New methylene blue = reticulocyte

List two changes to granulocytes as they mature

1. Cells get smaller

2. Nucleus starts out oval and then segments out

List the three granulocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

List the maturation sequence of granulopoiesis

Myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band, mature granulocyte

What are the two agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes and monocytes

List the maturation sequence for monopoiesis

Monoblast, promonocyte, mature monocyte

List the maturation sequence for lymphopoiesis

Lymphoblast, prolymphocyte, mature lymphocyte (B-lymphocyte or T-lymphocyte)

What is the precursor of thrombocytes?

Megakaryoctyes - extremely large cell with dark purple, segmented nucleus