The Spanish managed labor relations through a legal system known as the __________, a feudal arrangement in which tied Indigenous laborers to vast estates.
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Cahokia
________ was politically organized around chiefdoms.
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Mississippians
The ________________ lived in the American Midwest and South.
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Criollos
________: New World- born Spaniards who rivaled the peninsulares for wealth and opportunities.
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Slavery
___________ became an important way that Native communities to grow and maintained power.
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Sistema de Castas
The ________ was a racial hierarchy that organized individuals into various racial groups based on their "purity of blood.
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Twenty thousand
________ years ago, ice sheets extended across North America and connected it to Asia across the Bering Strait.
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Cristopher Columbus
________ convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to provide him with three small ships, which landed in the modern- day Bahamas on October 12th, 1492, where they met the Indigenous Arawaks or Taino.
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Peninsulares
________ were Iberian- born Spaniards who occupies the highest levels of administration and had the greatest estates.
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North American Southeast
In Cahokia, war captives were an important part of the economy (as well as in the ________)
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Native American slavery
________ was not based on holding people as property, but instead considered enslaved peoples to be people who lacked kinship networks.
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arrival of Europeans
The ________ and the resulting global exchange of people, animals, plants, and microbes (otherwise known as the Columbian Exchange) changed the course of historyThe First Americans.
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Columbian Exchange
The ______________ was the global exchange of people, animals, plants and microbes that resulted when Europeans arrived in the New World
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Eastern Woodlands
The region between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean was known as the _________________
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Three Sisters
The ______________ were three crops that provided the nutritional needs necessary to sustain cities and civilizations
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Corns, beans, and squash
What three crops made up the Three Sisters?
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Shifting cultivation
___________ is a farming technique in which farmers would cut the forest down, burn the undergrowth, and then plant seeds in the nutrient-rich ashes while moving from field to field to allow the ground to recover
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Cahokia
__________ was the largest Mississippian settlement, with the population peaking at 10,000-30,000
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Repartimiento
__________ was supposed to be a milder alternative to the encomienda, but the abuses and exploitation of the older system continued
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Mestizos
_______________ were those of mixed Spanish and Indigenous heritage
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Chiefdoms
A hierarchal, clan-based system that gave leaders secular and sacred authority
Studied by 8 people
