stuff i dont know

Carbohydrates

Main source of energy.

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates.

Starch

Energy storage in plants.

Glycogen

Short-term energy storage in animals.

Triglyceride

Composed of 3 fatty acids and glycerol.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one double bond.

Phospholipids

Composed of 2 fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate.

Nucleic Acids

Biopolymers essential for all known forms of life, made of nucleotides.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins; there are 20 types.

Dipeptide

A molecule formed from two amino acids.

Polypeptide

A chain of three or more amino acids.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies.

Golgi Bodies

Package proteins and lipids for transport.

Mitosis

Type of cell division resulting in two daughter cells.

Meiosis

Type of cell division resulting in four gametes.

Codominance

Situation where non-identical alleles affect the phenotype equally.

Karyotyping

The process of photographing and arranging chromosomes for analysis.

Aneuploidy

Condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Polyploidy

Condition of having three or more sets of chromosomes.

mRNA

Messenger RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

tRNA

Transfer RNA that delivers amino acids to ribosomes.

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA that forms the structure of ribosomes.

Transcription

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

Translation

The process of converting mRNA into a protein.

Codons

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid.

Epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin.

Keratinocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce keratin and form a barrier.

Melanocytes

Cells that produce melanin, giving color to skin and hair.

Dermis

Layer of skin below the epidermis.

Central Nervous System

Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Forebrain

Part of the brain involved in conscious thought and decision-making.

Midbrain

Relays visual and auditory information and coordinates movement.

Hindbrain

Controls balance, autonomic functions, and coordination of movements.

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls cellular activities.

Nucleolus

Structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Centrioles

Structures that help in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Cell Wall

Outermost layer of a plant cell.

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus.

Zygote

Fertilized egg that will develop into a new organism.

Gonads

Organs that produce gametes (ovaries and testes).