stuff i dont know

Carbohydrates- main source of energy

·       Ose

·       C1H2O1

·       Monosaccharides

·       Starch (energy in plants), glycogen (short term energy in animals), glucose (linkages in starch and glycogen)

Lipids- store energy

·       Insoluble

·       Fatty acids

·       Saturated (no double bonds)

·       Unsaturated (one double bond)

·       Poly saturated- many double bonds- carbons

Triglyceride- 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Phospholipids- 2 fatty acids and glycerol and phosphate

Nucleic acids- nucleotides

·       A sugar molecule

·       Nitrogen base

·       Phosphate group

Proteins-transport enzymes for chemical reactions

·       Amino acids 20

o   Dipeptide- 2

o   Polypeptide-3

·       Carbon central

·       Carboxyl group Anine

·       R-group

Nucleus- DNA

Nucleolus- make ribosomes

Ribosomes- 20 amino acids, polypeptide

·       RNA

Rough ER- ribosomes, make proteins

Smooth ER- No ribosomes, make lipids detoxification

Endoplasmic rectum- modification and movement of molecules

Golgi bodies- packages proteins and lipids transports

Plasma membrane- cell and environment, proteins drift

Centrioles- manipulate and separate chromosomes in cell division

Cell wall- outermost layer 

Nucleic envelope- wall of nucleus

Mitosis

·       Somatic

·       1 division

·       2 daughter

Meiosis

·       Gametes

·       2 division

·       4 daughter

·       Homologs

·       Zygote

·       Sex

·       gonads

Codominance- Non identical alleles

Karyotyping- cells captured at metaphase, stained, photographed, and arranged for analysis

Aneuploidy- 1 extra or less chromosome

Polyploidy- 3 or more of each chromosome

mRNA- messenger RNA- AUGC, NO T

tRNA- Transfer RNA- delivers amino acids to ribosomes

·       mRNA translated by tRNA

rRNA- ribosomal RNA- component of ribosomes and proteins 

Transcription- DNA to RNA

RNA polymerase adds RNA to DNA

Translation- RNA to protein

Codons- 3 nucleotides of mRNA

Integumentary system

·       Epidermis- Outermost layer of the skin 

·       Keratinocytes- cell of the epidermis that produces keratin + water barrier

·       Melanocytes- cells int eh skin, eyes, and hair follicles that produce melanin, color

·       Dermis- Below the epidermis

·       Fibroblasts produce fibers, collagen + elastic, decreases with aging 

·       Papillae- strengthens ties to epidermis, contains sensory receptors + blood vessels

Central nervous system

·       Forebrain- conscious thought, coordinates language, controls decision making 

·       Midbrain- Relays visual and auditory inputs, coordinates movement

·       Hindbrain- balance, swallowing, speaking, autonomic function