CGS 2100 Exam 3

how hard disks store and organize files

Save files by altering the magnetic charges of the discs surface to represent 1s and 0s

What does the internal hard disk normally store

programs and data files

On a hard disk each track is divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called

sectors

_____ are a popular solution for individuals and businesses where access speed is not essential, but capacity and durability are crucial

network drives

Examples of secondary storage

RAID, flash drives, external hard drives

How does an external hard drive connect to a computer

Connected to a USB/thunderbolt port on the system unit

Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as a

Non-volatile storage

The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as

reading

The _______ of a secondary storage device indicates how much data the storage medium can hold.

capacity

_____ measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs

Access speed

What is file compression and what is it used for what is file decompression

Reduces file size, increases storage capacity, increases file transfer speed, reduce space required for storage. Expanding file size

This process improve system performance by acting as a temporary high speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU

Disk caching

the characteristics of RAID storage

Larger versions of specialized devices that enhance organizational security by constantly making backup copies of files moving across the organizations networks

What are four ways to improve the performance of a hard disc

Disk cashing, raid/file compression/decompression

What are examples of solid state storage

Flash memory cards, USB drives, flash drives

What type of storage technology does a cell phone use

solid state storage

Optical disc use ____ to represent data

Pits and lands

Know about CD-RW, DVD - ROM drives, ultra HD Blu-ray and Blu-ray. What does the R in DVD - R stand for

DVD-ROM: Read only, used to distribute large databases and references
CD-RW: Rewritable, used to create and edit multimedia presentations
R: recordable

How are solid state storage devices and hard disks different?

solid state storage has no moving parts and is faster and more durable

What is it called when servers on the Internet supply applications as a service, rather than a product

cloud computing

_______ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by storage device to retrieve data and programs

access

What is disc caching?

•Uses hardware and software to anticipate data needs; performs function similar to RAM caching; improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU
•Frequently used data is stored in memory

What is cloud storage?

The Internet provides a cloud of servers that supply of applications to clients as a service

What are hybrid drives

The merging of RAM, solid-state drives, and traditional hard drives to deliver better performance from storage arrays while keeping costs down

USB drives are also known as

flash drives

Three common storage options discussed in your text are hard disk, ______ and solid state storage

optical disc

Most large organizations store data throughout a strategy called an ________ to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations

Enterprise storage system

One of the most dramatic changes in connectivity and communications in the past few years has been

widespread use of mobile devices with wireless Internet connectivity

Which devices originate and accept messages in the form of data, information, and/or instructions

Sending and receiving devices

In a communication system, which device converts messages into packets that can travel across the communication channel

Connection devices

The wireless connections and physical connections

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, microwave, WiMAX, cellular, satellite, infrared, GPS
Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable

Which of the physical connections is the fastest

Fiber optic

Which of the wireless connections is considered a line of sight medium

microwave

What does WiMAX stand for

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Microwave communication uses high-frequency _______.

radio waves

A term relating to sending data to a satellite

Uplink

The GPS device in an automobile uses which communication channel

satellite

Cellular services use _____ to provide wireless connectivity to the Internet for smart phones

3g and 4g

The capacity of a communication channel is measured in

bandwidth

Types of bandwidth

voiceband, medium band, broadband, baseband

Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called an

IP address

The process of breaking down information sent or transmitted across the Internet into small parts

Packetization

What is TCP/IP

Protocol software used to communicate with the Internet

Central node that coordinates the flow of data by sending messages directly between sender and receiver nodes.

switch

In a computer network, this node that request and uses resources available from other nodes

client

This device enables connectivity between two LANS or a LAN and a larger net work

Network gateway

A wireless access point that provides Internet access in a public place such as a coffee shop, library, bookstore, or University

hotspot

A network topology in which the central node is connected to two or more subordinate nodes that in turn are connected to other subordinate nodes

tree

This type of network strategy uses central servers to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network

client/server

Organizations use the ____ to allow suppliers and others limited access to their networks

Extranets

All communications between a company's internal networks and the outside world pass through this server

Proxy

What is a VPN?

Virtual private network: creates a secure and private connection between a remote user and an organizations internal network, dedicated line between a users home/laptop computer and a company server

What is a mesh network?

Newest type, does not use specific physical layout, requires that each node has one or more connections to other nodes, if path disrupted data is rerouted

The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message in a communication system

Communication channel

A high frequency transmission medium that has a single solid copper core

Coaxial cable

Name of the process of converting from analog to digital

Demodulation

Uses standard telephone lines to provide high-speed connections

DSL

Transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass

Fiber-optic cable

What is a local area network

A network that connects a group or organization in a small geographic region

What is a gateway network

a device that allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or to larger networks

A LAN set up for household personal use is called

Home network

Country wide and worldwide networks

WAN

A ______ area network is a type of wireless network that works within your immediate surroundings to connect cell phones to headset, controllers to game systems, and so on

Personal

What is a client/server network?

Central computers coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network, a server provides access

What is an intranet

a private internet that is used exclusively within an organization

What is an extranet?

private network that connects more than one organization

What is a server?

a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network

In a wireless LAN, all communications pass through the network's centrally located wireless access point or ________ station.

base

describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared

network architecture

Most firewalls include a special computer called ______ a server to manage communications between the internal networks and the outside world

proxy

People that collect, analyze, and sell personal data

Information resellers

These programs record virtually everything you do on your computer and are used by employers to search employee mail and computer files

Employee monitoring software

What are cookies and what are they used for

Small pieces of tax sent to a browser by a website you visit

What types of cookies are there and what are they used for

Session: help websites recognize users and their information
Persistent: remain in operation even after the web browser has closed
Third party: aim of collecting information from web users to carry out research

Programs used to secretly record an individual's activities on the Internet

Spyware

Which type of program would likely be used by investigators to record a potential suspects Internet activities

keystroke logger

A cracker is what type of computer criminal

An individual who attempts to access computer systems without authorization

Most browsers offer this which ensures that your browsing activity is not recorded on your hard disk

Privacy mode

What is malware and what types of malware are there

Any program or file that is intentionally harmful to a computer, network or server. Ex: Computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware and spyware

What type of program replicates itself and clogs computers and networks

Worm

Free computer games and free screen saver programs are typical carriers of _______.

Trojan horses

What is a denial of service attack

An action that prevents or impairs authorized use of networks, systems, or applications by exhausting resources like central processing unit, memory, bandwidth and disk space

What is a Internet scam

Dishonest scheme carried out over the Internet

What is cyber bullying

the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature.

The most significant concerns for implementation of computer technology involve ______, security and ethics

privacy

According to which law is it illegal for an owner of a commercial program to make backup copies for their personal use and resell or give them away?

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Corporations often use this to prevent copyright violations.

Digital rights management (DRM)

This uses software to try thousands of common words sequentially in an attempt to gain and unauthorized access to a users account

Dictionary attack

This type of Wi-Fi hotspot operates close to a legitimate Wi-Fi hotspot and steals information such as user names and passwords

Rogue

The process of coding information to make it unreadable except to those who have a special piece of information known as a key.

Encryption

Acts as a security buffer between a corporations private networks and all external networks

Firewall

What is wireless network encryption and what is the most common type

Used to secure networks and protect the data of their clients. Ex: WEP, WPA, WPAZ

Measures to Protect Computer Security

Use a firewall, install antivirus software, anti-spyware

Concerned with protecting software and data from an authorized tampering or damage

Data security

This is a legal concepts that gives contact creators the right to control use and distribution of their work

Copyright laws

This law gives you the right to look at your personal records held by government agencies

Freedom of Information Act

Computer criminals that create and spread viruses are punished under this law.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

A privacy issue relates to the responsibility of controlling who is able to use data

Access

The collection of data that can be searched to find all the action of one person creates a ____ that reveals a highly detailed account of your life

Digital footprint

Stores information about the current session, your general preferences, and your activity on the website

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