Chapter 8: Solutions

solutions

uniform mixture of solvent and solute

concentration

how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent

solubility

max amount of solution that can be dissolved in solved (g/L)

molar solubility

max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent (mol/L)c

concentrated solution

large amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

dilute solution

small amount of dissolved solvent

saturated solution

max amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

unsaturated solution

less than the max amount of solute dissolved in solvent

supersaturated solution

more than the max amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

solute will dissolve in solvent if ____ energy is released than used

more

entropy

disorder

three ways to increase solution process

heat solution, grind up solid, stir vigorously

aqueous solution

water as the solvent

dissociate

break up

ionization

solutions can conduct electricity

electrolytes

part of a solution that has ionized

weak electrolyte

hardly conduct electricity

nonelectrolyte

do not conduct electricityi

increasing pressure effect on solubility

only increases gas solubility significantly

Molarity equation

M = mol solute / liters of solvent