Serum Potassium Imbalance (Hypokalemia)

Hypokalemia is Diagnosed When?

Serum potassium concentration less than 3.5 mEq/L

Hypokalemia Definition?

Definition: Inadequate amount of potassium, the major intracellular cation, is found circulating the bloodstream. Characterized by abnormal ECG findings

Hypokalemia Symptoms?

1. Weakness

2. Confusion

3. Mental depression

4. Flaccid paralysis

Hypokalemia Causes?

Causes:

-Loss of potassium because of vomiting, nausea, gastric suctioning, laxative abuse, frequent enemas

-Inadequate intake of potassium

-Some diuretics cause potassium loss via urination

-receiving potassium-wasting drugs (loop diuretic furosemide)

Hypokalemia Clinical Causes?

Causes:

-Nothing by mouth (NPO)

-IV fluids without supplemental potassium

-Certain medications (Corticosteroids & Chemotherapeutics)

Diseases Caused by Decreased Serum Potassium Concentration?

1. Hyperaldosteronism

-Causes increased reabsorption of sodium with a corresponding loss of potassium

2. Hypomagnesemia

-often caused by conditions that also cause Hypokalemia but also causes urinary wasting of potassium