AP Psych parts of the brain

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Brainstem

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Oldest part of central core of brain, automatic survival functions

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Pons

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Sorts and relays messages between diff. sections of the brain

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25 Terms

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Brainstem

Oldest part of central core of brain, automatic survival functions

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Pons

Sorts and relays messages between diff. sections of the brain

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Medulla

Controls heartbeat/breathing, base of brainstem

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Thalamus

Brain's sensory switchboards, located on top of brainstem

directs messages to sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum/medulla --> all senses except smell

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Reticular Formation

Nerve network that travels through brainstem and thalamus, plays important role in controlling arousal

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Cerebellum

processing sensory input and coordinating movement / balance, enabling nonverbal learning and memory.

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amygdala (limbic)

lima bean sized neural clusters in limbic system, FEAR

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Hypothalamus

lies below thalamus, reward, governs endocrine system via pituitary gland

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Hippocampus

formation of new norms, learning/emotions

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Cerebral cortex

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemisphere; body's ultimate control/information processing center

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glial cells

billions of cells that protect nerve cells from deterioration

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Frontal lobe

part of cerebral cortex lying just behind forehead - speaking, plans, judgements, muscle movements

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Pre-frontal cortex

front part of frontal lobe - inhibitions, cognitive control functions

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motor cortex

area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

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Broca's area

left frontal lobe, involved in strokes, damage to it causes inability to speak, hard to get words out

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Parietal Lobe

portion of cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward rear, sensory input for touch and body position

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somatosensory cortex

area at the front of parietal lobe, registers and processes body touch and movement

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wernicke's area

damage to it disrupts understanding, jarbled mess of words, located in rear of left hemisphere

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Occipital lobe

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head

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visual cortex

includes areas that receive info from the visual fields

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temporal lobe

portion of cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears - auditory information, receives info from opposite ear

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Auditory cortex

auditory, speech/speech comprehension. each hemisphere receives info from the opposite ear

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association areas

areas of cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions. Involved in higher mental functions like learning, speaking, thinking, cognition

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brain plasticity

brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or building new pathways based on experience

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neurogenesis

formation of new neurons