Tap 6.13

Bloody shirt

North Republican politicians kept memories of Civil War alive by reminding millions of the veterans of the union army that their wounds had been caused by southern democrats and that Lincoln was killed by democrat

Veterans of the union army

Soldiers who fought with the union in the Civil War

Reformers

A person who makes changes to something in order to improve it; voted for party of Lincoln

African Americans

Black people in America; voted for party of Lincoln

Anglo-Saxon protestant

Part of the core of Republican strength

Temperance

Abstinence from alcohol; part of the core of Republican strength

Hamilton tradition

Supported pro-business economy and high-protective tariffs; Republicans followed this

Wig past

Republican supported this idea of pro-business economic programs and high-protective tariffs

Pro-business

Government should be in favor of supporting practice of industry/business

Solid south

Politically united Southern states of America; traditionally regarded as giving unwavering electoral support to Democrats

Former states of the confederacy

The states that left the union during the Civil War

Big city political machines

Party organization recruiting voter loyalty in the big cities in the US; in the north, democratic strength came from them

Immigrant voters

Voters who came from different countries. In the north, democrats support came from these people

Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews

Democrats were often these religions who objected temperance and prohibition crusades conducted by protestants

Jeffersonian tradition

Argued for states rights and limited federal power

States rights

Rights individual states hold that are not controlled by federal government

Limited federal power

Federal government has limited authority regarding state laws; only can interfere if it deals with individual rights under constitution or interstate commerce

Rise of the populists

Politics were disrupted and 1890s by growing agarian discontent in the west and the south. Members of farmers alliances elected US senators and representatives, the governors of several states, and majorities in for state legislatures in the west. (Called People's party)

Farmers alliances

American agrarian movement during 1870s and 1880s that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the creation of cooperatives and political advocacy

Omaha platform

Delegates from different states met in 1892 to draft a political platform and nominate candidates for president/vice president for a populist party. Called for political reforms: direct popular election of US senators, and the use of initiative and referendum procedures that allowed citizens to vote directly on proposed laws. Economic reforms: unlimited coinage of silver to increase the money supply, a graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, telegraph lines, and phones, loans and federal warehouses for farmers to enable them to stabilize crop prices, and eight hour workday for industrial workers

Government ownership

The government Has control/owns things completely. Omaha platform said that railroads, telegraph lines, and telephone systems that should be owned this way

Thomas Watson

From Georgia; appealed to poor farmers of both races who shared economic grievances to join the People's party

Election of 1892

James Weaver, populist nominee, won more than 1 million votes and 22 electoral votes. Populous demand government regulate the economy didnt overcome other concerns, so ticket failed to attract urban workers and farmers. The race was between Cleveland and Harrison, but Cleveland won

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th president. Beat Harrison an election and became first president/only president to serve two nonconsecutive terms. Partly won because of the unpopularity of high tax McKinley tariff

Panic of 1893

Stock market crashed as a result of overspeculation and dozens of railroads went into bankruptcy as a result of over building. Lasted for almost 4 years. Farm foreclosures reached a new highs in the unemployed reached 20% of the workforce. Cleveland dealt with crisis by championing the gold standard and otherwise adopting a hands-off policy toward the economy

March to Washington

1894; thousands of unemployed led by populist Jacob as coxey of Ohio went to DC

Coxey's army

People coxey lead on the march; they demanded federal government spend 500 million on Public Works program to create jobs. coxey and other leaders were arrested for trespassing and dejected marchers returned home

Coins financial school

Book by William H Harvey (illustrated with cartoons) top millions of disocntented Americans that their troubles were caused by a conspiracy of rich bankers and that prosperity would return in government coined silver in unlimited quantities

Racism

Prejudice/discrimination directed against a person/people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group

William Jennings Bryan

From Nebraska; captured hearts of the delegates with a speech. Speech made him Democratic nominee for president at 36

Cross of gold speech

Jennings Speech that got him nominated for president

Unlimited coinage of silver

Silver never stops being coined (inflationary: 16 ounces of silver to 1 ounce of gold)

Gold bug Democrats

National Democratic Party; unhappy with the nomination of Brian and conducted fused campaign for free silver

William McKinley

Nominated Republican for president; from Ohio, best known for his support of a high protective tariff but also considered a friend of labor

High protective tariff

Shield domestic production from foreign competition by raising price of imported goods very high

Marcus (Mark) Hanna

Made a fortune in business; what's financial power behind Mckenly's nomination as well as the subsequent campaign for president

Gold standard

Value of currency was determined by amount of gold. Republican platform upheld this against unlimited coinage of silver

Mass media

Newspaper/magazines that everyone reads; Hannah raised money and sold Mckenly through this

Era of Republican dominance

Defeat of Brian and populist free silver initiated this in presidency because they elected six of the next seven presidents and controlled both houses in Congress for the next 17 of 20 sessions

First modern president

Mckenly was this; An active leader who took the US from being relatively isolated to becoming a major player in international affairs in the 20th century