AP Psychology-Sleep Quiz

Throughout the night we go through a full cycle, how much does it last?

Throughout the night we go through a full cycle, how much does it last?

90-120 min
if u sleep 8 hours-4 times

Each sleep cycle includes these four different stages of sleep

NREM 1, NREM 2, NREM 3, REM

When you are awake what waves do u have

Beta waves

NREM 1

alpha waves, light stage of sleep, u emit them when ur zooning out, lasts 10 min,

NREM 2

theta waves; sleep spindles; harder to awaken; conscious awareness of the external environment disappears; occupies 45-55% of total sleep in adults

NREM 3

delta waves, deep sleep, night terrors, sleepwalking and talking

REM

beta waves/neural desynchrony (just like awake); everything but muscle paralysis and twitches same as waking state (beta waves, breath rate, heart rate, etc.)

15min begin of sleep cycle; 1hr at end of it; interspersed every 30-40min; 20% of sleep time

REM

Increases in length as night of sleep progresses
Vivid dreaming
Nightmares
Paralyzed body
Essential part of sleep for the mind
emotional rejuvenation happens here
stress levels decrease

NREM (1-3)

Decreases in length as night of sleep progresses
night terrors (NREM 3)
Vague, partial images and stories
Essential part of sleep for the body
Not paralyzed

Sleep lab research shows

muscle tone
heart rate
brainwaves
oxygen levels
temp

Restoration theory of sleep

The body wears out during the day, and use up hormones, neurotransmitters and energy, thus, sleep is necessary to put it back into shape.
**<b>Evidence: strenuous exercise leads to greater amounts of deep sleep</b>**
Sleep helps to restore and repair muscle and brain tissue, supports growth.

Memory Consolidation Theory

memory consolidation occurs during REM
It helps us restore and rebuild our memories of the days experiences
Sleep deprived people struggle cognitively and physically.

REM Deprivation

struggle with memory and cognitive abilities

Energy Conservation Theory

Based on the evolutionary approach
Thinks that sleep protects us, as animals evolved sleep emerged to preserve energy and protect us during the part of the day where movement and activity are less likely to yield and more likely to expose us to danger.
Sleep helps animals adapt to their environments to survive

Psychology theory for dreams-Sigmund Freuds the dream interpretation of dreams

Proposed that dreams are the road to the unconscious mind, filled with content that we cannot face in conscious, waking life
Every dreams has a manifest content-the content that you're aware of, when u tell your friends when u wake up
Latent Content-hidden, underlying meaning

Bio and information processing theories

Dreams provide a way to sort out the days events and serve to consolidate our memories for storage
Activation synthesis model-highly active in REM
REM helps to preserve and develop neural connections
As REM cycles activate the brain, we make sense out of the random activations and weave together a storyline that becomes a dream

insonmia

inability to fall sleep, stay asleep or both

causations of insomnia

stress
irregular sleep schedule
pain/illness
diet/medication

Treatment

Stress management
medications/melatonin
treatment of pain/illness
changing habits

Insomnia fun fact

deprives us not only of sleep but also of the many cognitive and physical benefits sleep provides.

Sleep apnea symptoms

cessation or lack of breath while sleeping
breath stops repeatedly throughout the night
snoring
gasping
never feel rested and restored, even after a full night of sleep
a person stops breathing 100-300 times in a night
stay in light stages of sleep, never getting to REM

Three types

obstructive, central (CNS),Complex

Obstructive sleep apnea

the more common form that occurs when throat muscles relax and press down on a persons airpipe so they are unable to breathe

CNS sleep apnea

the brain doesn't send proper signals to your muscles controlling your breathing
Ur brain is miswiring causing that breathing to stop

Complex or treatment emergent central sleep apnea

Someone has an obstruction and a miscommunication between the brain spinal cord and muscles

Sleep apnea causes

Risk factors weight. smoking, age, gender, thick neck, narrow airway, nasal obstruction

sleep apnea treatment

Lose weight
surgery
CPAP machine

Narcolepsy symptoms

Fall into uncontrollable sleep attacks throughout the day
drowsiness
muscle paralysis (cataplexy)
triggered by strong emotions
REM sleep

Narcolepsy causes

genetic

Narcolepsy treatment

medication and support

activation-synthesis theory

Dreams are meaningless
Pons sends signals to cerebral cortex
Views dreams as the mind's attempt to make sense of random neural firings in our brain while we sleep

Information-Processing Theory

Combines Freuds theory and Activation-Synthesis Theory.
Dreams are our brains attempts to make sense of what we encounter during the day.
REM dream-filled sleep is for information processing - "Pruning Neurons" - consolidating memories, rewire connections between neurons

Circadian Rhythm

our biological clock, daily sleep and wakefulness cycle, which the hormone melatonin helps control physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism's
environment suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus