Canine Medicine. Module 1

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Medicine

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97 Terms

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Grey Wolf

Progenitor of all domestic dogs

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Canis lupus

Scientific name of Grey wolf

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Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Europe

Places of domestication

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Domestication

biological process that leads to development of unique human-animal relationships

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Mutualism

modern day relationship of dogs and humans

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commensalism

type of relationship humans and dogs had before

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self-domestication hypothesis

selective affiliation of wolves with humans

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Victorian Era

dog shows became famous leading to different dog breeds to be bred

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Cynology

study of matters related to canines

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Federation Cynologique Internationale

FCI

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354

number of breeds recognized by FCI

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1911

year FCI was established

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World Canine Organization

English term of FCI

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199

number of breeds AKC recognizes

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1884

year AKC was established

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American Kennel Club

AKC

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tail docking

strictly forbidden by FCI

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sporting group

originally bred to assist hunters in capturing and retrieving gamefowl

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Retrievers

water-loving canines bred to retrieve aquatic waterfowl

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Retrievers, Setters, Spaniels, Pointers

some types of sporting group

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hound group

bred mainly to pursue warm-blooded prey

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scent hounds and sight hounds

two subtypes of hound group

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working group

houses one of the most ancient breeds and are developed to work and assist humans

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terrier group

bred to chase vermin

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short legged breeds

bred to pursue rodents and vermin

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long legged breed

bred to dig out burrowing prey

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toy group

small, diminutive breeds mainly for companionship

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non-sporting group

breeds that cannot be categorized

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herding group

developed to move domestic livestock

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behavior

actions or reactions of an organism

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Environment

Genetics

Physiology

Experience

Maternal influence

Factors influencing dog behavior

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behavioral medicine

scientific study of everything animals do

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nervous and endocrine system

systems controlling behavior

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6 to 9 mos

normal sexual maturity age

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12 to 36 mos

normal social maturity age

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2

normal number of heat cycle of dogs

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3 to 8 weeks

dogs focus on other dogs for social interaction

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5 to 12 weeks

dogs focus on people for interaction

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14 weeks

underdeveloped social skills if not exposed by this age

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16 to 20 weeks

dogs are most receptive to learning how to deal with the new situations

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abnormal behavior

one that is dysfunctional and unusual

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aggression

everything related to a threat or attack

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anxiety

the anticipation of danger accompanied by signs of tension

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displacement activity

is the resolution of a conflict by performing a seemingly unrelated activity

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dominance

refers to competition over a limited resource

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fear

a feeling of apprehension associated with the presence of an object, individual, or social situation and is part of the normal behavior.

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frustration

arises when a dog is unable to complete a behavior due to physical or psychological obstacles

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phobia

are profound and quickly developed fearful reactions that do not diminish either with gradual exposure to the object or without exposure over time

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stereotypic behaviors

are repititious, relatively unvaried actions that have no obvious purpose or function usually derived from normal behavior

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behavior modification

techniques used most commonly to modify dog behavior

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habituation

the ending of or decrease in a response to a stimulus that results from repeated or prolonged exposure to that stimulus

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spontaneous recovery

If there is a long period of time between when a dog has experienced an event to which it had habituated and re-exposure to the same event, the dog may again react

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conditioning

refers to the associations between stimuli and behavior

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reinforcement

is any event that increases the chances that a certain behavior will be repeated

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second-order reinforcers

signals that can be used at a distance to let the dog know that a reward is coming

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extinction

a response that stops when a reward is removed

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overlearning

the repeated performance of an already learned behavior

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delays forgetting

increases resistance to extinction

increases the chance of behavior to be automatic response in similar situations

3 things accomplished by overlearning

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shaping

a learning technique that works well for dogs that do not know what response is desired

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avoidance

ignoring the problem to minimize danger

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desensitization

gradually teaching a dog to tolerate a situation in small steps

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counterconditioning

reducing unwanted behavior by teaching the dog to replace it with another more favorable behavior

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flooding

prolonged exposure to a stimulus until the dog eventually stops reacting

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aversive conditioning

also known as punishment

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punishment

any unpleasant event that lowers the chances that a behavior will be repeated

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aggression

most common associated cause of behavioral problems in dogs

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impulse control aggression

also called dominance aggression

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dominance aggression

a threat or attack shown by dogs toward people under any circumstance that involves correction of the dog’s behavior by its owner.

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fear aggression

occurs in situations that make a dog afraid

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food-related aggression

is shown around food in dogs that are not starved or abused

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idiopathic aggression

extremely rare type of aggression that has no known cause

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interdog aggression

aggression that is directed at other dogs

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maternal aggression

excessive aggression directed toward puppies by the mother dog

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pain aggression

a defensive reaction that occurs when a dog is in pain

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play aggression

occurs along with play behaviors

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possessive aggression

constantly directed towards another individual that approaches or attempts to obtain a non-food object or toy that the dogs owns

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predatory aggression

behavior associated with predation

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protective aggression

an attempt by a dog to guard its owner from an approach by another person, in the absence of a real threat from the other person

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redirected aggression

occurs when a dog is prevented from reaching its intended target directing its attack to another dog or person

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territorial aggression

the protection of a place from the approach of another dog or person

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excitement urination

the release of a small amount of urine that occurs when a dog is active and excited, but not afraid

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incomplete housetraining

consistent elimination in undesirable locations that is not associated with a lack of access or illness

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8 to 9 weeks

age dog starts to develop habit of eliminating in certain places

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marking behavior

urination or defecation that used to send a social signal

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submissive urination

occurs in an otherwise housetrained dog only when the dog is showing postures associated with submission

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encouraging a preference for specific surface

encouraging inhibition of urination or defecation until the appropriate location is accessible

two main aspects of house training

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8 and a half weeks

first age at which a dog is able to voluntarily inhibit elimination

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abnormal ingestive behavior

eating unusual amounts or types of food or non-food items

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attention-seeking behavior

when the dog acts in a way that gets the attention of people who are doing something not directly involving the dog

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cognitive dysfunction

also called senility

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senility

signs include a decrease in social inter action, loss of housetraining, disorientation, and changes in sleep pattern

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hyperactivity

an extremely high level of activity that does not respond to correction, redirection, or restraint

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neophobia

active avoidance, escape, or anxiety directed at unfamiliar objects and situations

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noise phobia

consists of a sudden and profound response to a noise that leads to intense anxiety or attempts to escape confinement

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compulsive disorders

are repititive behaviors that occur out of their normal circumstances, or much more often or for much longer periods than is normal

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false pregnancy

a condition which a dog acts as though it is pregnant, but is not

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separation anxiety

a syndrome in which a dog panics when it is left alone