Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to alterations in cardiovascular function, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Atherosclerosis

A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by thickening and hardening of the arterial wall due to lipid accumulation.

Hypertension

Consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure, with systolic readings of 140 mmHg or higher or diastolic readings of 90 mmHg or higher.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A decrease in blood pressure upon standing, resulting from inadequate blood pressure compensation.

Thrombus

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remains attached to its place of origin.

Embolism

The obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or a blood clot.

Myocardial Infarction

Irreversible damage to heart muscle due to prolonged ischemia, leading to cellular death.

Cardiomyopathy

Diseases of the heart muscle that affect its size, shape, and ability to pump blood.

Valvular Stenosis

Narrowing of the valve opening which impedes blood flow.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Formation of a clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs, which can lead to embolism.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A vascular disorder that narrows or occludes the coronary arteries, often due to atherosclerosis.