6. Electric and magnetic fields, electric current

Electric Current

Ordered movement of charged particles, typically electrons in conductors.

Electric Current Effect

Causes the temperature of the conductor to rise.

Electric Current Effect

Induces a magnetic field around the conductor it passes through.

Electric Current Measurement

Measured in Amperes (A), not Watts.

Disordered Movement of Particles

There may be a disordered movement of the oppositely charged particles due to the electric field.

Electrostatic Field Nature

A component of the electromagnetic field.

Electrostatic Field Characteristic

Generally characterized by its charge.

Electrostatic Field Nature

Not a form of matter.

Electrostatic Field Manifestation

Manifested by a mutual force acting on electrically charged particles.

Kirchhoff's Law

Algebraically, the sum of the current in any electrical node is equal to zero.

Electric Field Intensity in Insulators

Is smaller in magnitude than the magnitude of the intermittency of the field that caused this polarization.

Force Acting Between Two Electric Charges

Is directly proportional to the proportion of the size of these charges.

Force Acting Between Two Electric Charges

Is indirectly proportional to their distance.

Force Acting Between Two Electric Charges

Is described by Coulomb's Law.

Constant of Proportionality (Voltage/Current)

Electrical resistance.

Conductor Capacity

Its ability to receive electricity at a certain potential.

Plate Capacitor Capacity (with insulator)

Dependent on the surface area of the plates.

Plate Capacitor Capacity (with insulator)

Inversely proportional to the distance of these plates from each other.

Plate Capacitor Capacity (with insulator)

Expressed in Farads (F), not coulomb volts.

Plate Capacitor Capacity (with insulator)

Directly proportional to the average permittivity of the insulator.

Plate Capacitor Capacity (with insulator)

Dependent on the material of the insulator.

Bearer of Positive Electric Charge

Positron.

Bearer of Negative Electric Charge

Electron.

Uncharged Particle

Neutron.

Uncharged Antiparticle

Antineutron.

Induced Electromotive Voltage

Is directly proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic induction flow.

Induced Electromotive Voltage

Is indirectly proportional to the time within which induction occurs.

Electric Potential Measurement

Is measurable in volts.

Electric Charge Flow

Can easily flow in superconductors.

Diamagnetic Cradle Relative Permittivity

Has a relative permittivity of less than 1.

Diamagnetic Cradle Effect

Slightly weakens the magnetic field.

Diamagnetic Cradle Example (Incorrect)

Is e.g. steel.

Ohm's Law (FORMULA)

V=IR where V is voltage (Volts), I is current (Amperes), R is resistance (Ohms).

Work Done by Electric Field/Potential Difference(FORMULA)

W=QΔϕ where W is work done (Joules), Q is electric charge (Coulombs), Δϕ is potential difference (Volts).

Electrical Energy Consumption (FORMULA)

E=Pt or E=VIt where E is electrical energy (Joules or kWh), P is power (Watts), t is time (seconds or hours), V is voltage (Volts), I is current (Amperes).

Force between Parallel Conductors (Ampere's Force Law) (FORMULA)

F/L=(μoI₁I₂)2πd

​Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)(FORMULA)

ΣI=0 at any node where ΣI is the algebraic sum of currents (Amperes) entering and leaving a node.

Induced Electromotive Force (Faraday's Law of Induction)

E=−dΦB/dt where E is induced electromotive force (Volts), dΦ B/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux (Weber/second).

Capacitance

C=Q/V where C is capacitance (Farads), Q is electric charge (Coulombs), V is voltage (Volts).

Total Resistance in Series Circuit(FORMULA)

Rtotal=Rinternal+Rexternal, where Rtotal is total resistance (Ohms), Rinternal is internal resistance (Ohms), Rexternal is external resistance (Ohms).

Current in Series Circuit (using Ohm's Law)

I=Vsource/Rtotal where I is current (Amperes), Vsource is source voltage (Volts), Rtotal is total resistance (Ohms).