pre- and probiotics OTC ex 4

enteric microbiota

community of microflora in the GI tract

GI tract hosts approximately 300-500 species of commensal bacteria but also fungi, parasites, and viruses

Some view the microbiome as ”a superorganism” in a symbiotic relationship with the gut mucosa

Some label it as a “supporting organ” because of its large role in supporting normal bodily functions

Microbiome aids in

digestion

modulating the systemic and local immune system

breaking down potentially toxic food compounds

synthesizing certain vitamins and AAs

providing a GI barrier

influencing disease development, which is where much research is focused

prebiotics

support the enteric microbiota and typically are substances that are fermented in the colon

these must selectively stimulate growth and/or activity of one or a small number of health-promoting bacteria species residing in the colon, with consequent benefit to the host

Inulin-type fructans and fructooligosaccharides (FOSs)

most common prebiotics

Inulin is partially hydrolyzed into FOSs

Found in small amounts of foods like bananas, asparagus, onion, leek, garlic, seaweed, soy and wheat

Both prebiotics significantly increase bifidobacteria concentrations

SEs: bloating, flatulence, and GI discomfort occur at 15 g or higher

Those with lactose intolerance may experience more side effects

human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)