Phonics Final Exam - Dr. Brown

EDEC-2300-01: Phonics & the Reading Process

Systems for Language

Phonology - Speech sounds

Morphology - Meaning parts of words

Semantics - Word/sentence meaning/connection

Orthography - Writing system

Syntax - Word order/grammar

Four Part Processing Model

1. Context

2. Meaning

3. Phonological

4. Orthographic

5. Phonics

Phonological vs. Phonemic

Phonological = Big unit

Phonemic = Smallest unit of sound

Rhyme vs. Rime Words

Rhyme = Begin differently and share the same stressed vowel and sounds (Ex: cat and hat)

Rime = Part of a word contains the vowel and all the letters that follow (Ex: sprite and white)

Order to Teach Phonemic Awareness

1. Isolation

2. Blending

3. Segmentation

4. Addition

5. Deletion

6. Substitution

Number of Letters and Phonemes

26 letters and 44 phonemes

How to Teach the Alphabet

Start with t, m, b, s, f, a, n

Number of Consonants and Phonemes

25 phonemes: 18 single and 7 two-letter

List the Two-Letter Consonant Phonemes

/ch/, /hw/, /ng/, /sh/, /th/, /TH/, /zh/

4 Inconsistent Consonant Phonemes

c, g, s, x

Consonant Beginning Blends

/br/, /fr/, /tr/, /bl/, /gl/, /st/, /sw/

Consonant Ending Blends

-ld, -mp, -lk, -sk, -st, -ft, -lt

Consonant Beginning Digraphs

/ch/, /gn/, /kn/, /ph/, /sh/, /th/, /wr/, /wh/

Consonant Ending Digraphs

-ch, -ck, -ff, -gh, -ll, -mb, -ng, -ss, -th

Glued Sounds

/all/, /am/, /an/, /ng/ (a, i, o, u), /nk/ (a, i, o, u)

Blends vs. Digraphs

Blends = Two or more consonants that keep their own sound

Digraphs = Two or more consonants that represent one sound

Glued Sounds Definition

Vowels pronounced along with a consonant

Number of Vowels and Phonemes

5 vowels and 19 phonemes

4 Vowel Grapheme Patterns

Single letter, VCe, vowel team, vowel -r

4 Vowel Sounds

Short - lax

Long - tense

R-controlled - vowel followed by an r

Schwa - unclear sound

Short Vowel Examples

Cat, bed, pig, fox, up

Long Vowel Examples

Cake, me, hi, no, tube

8 Types of Silent E

1. Long vowels - 50% change to a long vowel

2. V and U - Cannot end in v or u

3. C and G - Change sounds to s and j

4. Syllables - Every syllable must have a written vowel

5. Distinguish singular from plural - Prevent words that end in s from being plural

6. Make a word look bigger

7. Voiced and unvoiced th - TH says its voiced sound because of e

8. Clarify meaning

Vowel Teams vs. Diphthongs

Vowel Teams = Two or more letters that make one vowel phoneme

Diphthongs = Move from one sound to another within one phoneme

Vowel Teams List (One & Two Sound)

One = /ai, ay, au/, /eigh, ee, ey/, /igh/, /oa, oe, oy/

Two = /ea, ei, ew/, /ie/, /oa, ow/, /ue/

Other Vowel Sounds

/aw, ar/, /er/, /oi, oo, ou, or/

Diphthongs

/ou, oi/

Homophones vs. Homographs

Homophones = Words that sound alike but have different meanings

Homographs = Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings

Syllables Definition

Word or word part that consists of a vowel phoneme that may be preceded and/or followed by several consonants

Compound Words

Two words that are put together to form a new word

Syllable Types

Closed (VC/CV), consonant +le (-Cle), open (C/CV), vowel teams (VV), silent e (vCe), r-controlled (Vr)

High Frequency vs. Sight Words

High Frequency = Words that appear most in print

Sight Words = Words readers can read with automaticity

Morpheme

Smallest unit of meaning

Root

Word parts that do not stand alone

Base

Any root or stem to which an affix can be added

Prefix vs. Suffix

Prefix = Added before a root or base

Suffix = Added after a root or base

Order of Morpheme Instruction

1. Anglo-Saxon

2. Latin

3. Greek

Rules for Adding a Suffix

1. Just add

2. Doubling

3. E-drop

4. Y-change

Syntactic Categories

1. Noun

2. Pronoun

3. Adjective

4. Verb

5. Adverb

6. Conjunction

7. Determiners

8. Prepositions

Independent vs. Dependent Clauses

Independent = Can stand alone as a sentence with a NP and a VP

Dependent = Cannot stand alone, but must be attached to an independent clause to make sense

Sentence Types

Statement

Interrogative

Imperative

Exclamation

Greek Combining Forms

Phon/phono - sound

Photo - light

Graph/gram - write

Auto - self

Tele - far

Ology - study of

Micro - small

Meter - measure

Therm - heat

Bio - life

Scope - look

Hydro - water

Latin Roots

Form - shape

Port - carry

Rupt - break

Tract - pull

Scribe/script - write

Struct - build

Dic/dict - say

Flect/flex - bend

Mit/miss - send

Fer - carry

Common Prefixes

ad - to, toward

• a, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at

com - with, together

• co, col, con, cor

dis - not, apart

• dif

ex - out of

• e

in - in, on, not

• il, im, ir

ob - down, against, facing

• oc, of, op

sub - under, below

• suc, suf, sug, sup, sus