Chapter 20 - Seizing an American Empire (1865-1913)

Roosevelt

________ was a fearless "he- man "who also displayed extraordinary intellectual curiosity.

Reverend Josiah Strong

In 1885, the ________ wrote a best- selling book titled Our Country in which he used a Darwinian argument to strengthen the appeal of manifest destiny Annexing the Philippines.

Pancho Villa

In 1916, rebel leader ________ launched raids into Texas and New Mexico in a deliberate attempt to trigger U.S. intervention.

Dominican Republic

In 1904, a crisis over the debts of the ________ prompted Roosevelt to send two warships to the island nation and issue what came to be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: the principle, in short, that in certain circumstances, the United States was justified in intervening in Latin American nations to prevent Europeans from doing so.

Theodore Roosevelt

________, the thirty-nine-year-old assistant secretary of the navy, called the sinking "an act of dirty treachery "and told a friend that he "would give anything if President McKinley would order the fleet to Havana tomorrow ..

Foraker Act

On April 12, 1900, the ________ established a government on the island, and its residents were declared citizens of Puerto Rico; they were not made citizens of the United States until 1917.

Tampico

On April 9, 1914, nine American sailors were arrested in ________, Mexico, while trying to buy supplies.

Bidlack Treaty

The ________ (1846) with Colombia (then called New Granada) guaranteed Colombias control over Panama.

Cuba

The effort to crush Filipino nationalism lasted three years and involved some 126, 000 U.S. troops, four times as many as had been sent to liberate ________.

Aguinaldo

On April 1, 1901, ________ swore an oath accepting the authority of the United States over the Philippines and pledging his allegiance to the U.S. government.

1866

In ________, Secretary of State William H. Seward had predicted that the United States must inevitably impose its economic domination "on the Pacific Ocean, and its islands and continents ..

Spain

The war with ________ lasted only 114 days, but it set the United States on a course toward overseas imperialism that would transform Americas role in the world.

1902

In ________, Congress passed the Philippine Government Act, which declared the islands an "unorganized territory ..

President Grover Cleveland

At the outset of the Cuban War for Independence, ________ tried to protect U.S. business interests while avoiding military involvement.

Clayton Bulwer Treaty

In the ________ (1850), the British had agreed to acquire no more Central American territory, and the United States joined them in agreeing to build or fortify a canal only by mutual consent.

Maine

On January 25, the U.S. battleship ________ docked in Havana, the Cuban capital, supposedly on a courtesy call.

Treaty of Portsmouth

In the ________, signed on September 5, 1905, Russia acknowledged Japans "predominant political, military, and economic interests in Korea."

principle of equal trading rights

The ________ represented by the Open Door policy was tested in 1904 when the long- standing rivalry between Russia and Japan flared into the Russo- Japanese war over Japans attempts to expand its influence in China and Korea.

William Howard Taft

On July 4, 1901, the U.S. military government in the Philippines came to an end, and ________ became the civil governor.

1915

In ________, when the Dominican Republic refused to sign a treaty that would have given the United States a "special "role in governing the island nation, Wilson sent U.S. Marines, who established a military government and fought a nasty guerrilla war against anti- American rebels.

Wilson

________ argued that the United States must intervene to stabilize weak governments in the Western Hemisphere to keep European nations from doing so.

Theodore Roosevelt's

________ theft of the Panama Canal Zone created ill will throughout Latin America that would last for generations.

1900

In ________, on McKinleys order, Cubans drafted a constitution modeled on that of the United States.

peace conference

A(n) ________ in Berlin in 1889 established a protectorate over Samoa, with Germany, Great Britain, and the United States in an uneasy partnership.

Anti expansionists

________ argued that taking control of former Spanish colonies would violate the longstanding American principle embodied in the Constitution that people should be self- governing.

Mexico

The use of military force in ________ played out like many previous American interventions in the Caribbean and Central America.

Alaska

In 1867, the United States bought ________ for $ 7.2 million, thus removing the threat of Russian imperialism in North America.

Manifest Destiny

________ also took on racial meaning; many Americans agreed with future president Theodore Roosevelt that the United States needed to expand "on behalf of the destiny of the [Anglo- Saxon] race ..

Platt Amendment

The ________, added to an army appropriations bill in 1901, sharply restricted the Cuban governments independence, however.

McKinley

________ had summarized the motivating ideas of American imperialism: (1) national glory, (2) commerce, (3) racial superiority, and (4) evangelism.

Dewey

________ arrived in Manila Bay on April 30 with six modern warships, which quickly destroyed or captured the outdated Spanish vessels there.

Fists of Righteous Harmony

A new Asian crisis arose in 1900 when a group of Chinese nationalists known to the Western world as Boxers- they called themselves the "________- "rebelled against foreign involvement in China, especially Christian missionary efforts, and laid siege to foreign embassies in Peking (now known as Beijing)

US Senate

The ________ ratified the Hay- Herrán Treaty in 1903, but the Colombian Senate held out for $ 25 million.

President McKinley

On September 6, 1901, ________ was shaking hands at the Pan- American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, when a twenty- eight- year- old unemployed laborer named Leon Czolgosz (pronounced chol- GOTS), an anarchist who did not believe in governments or rulers, approached him with a concealed gun and fired twice at point- blank range.

Republican William Howard Taft

________, who succeeded Roosevelt as president in 1909, continued to promote Americas economic interests abroad, practicing what Roosevelt called "dollar diplomacy ..

Roosevelt

________ called warfare the best way to promote "the clear instinct for race selfishness "and insisted that "the most ultimately righteous of all wars is a war with savages ..

Theodore Roosevelt

________ was convinced that "nobody was seriously damaged "by the "water cure, "whereas "Filipinos had inflicted terrible tortures upon our own people ..

Roosevelt

________ transformed himself into a man of almost superhuman energy who fiercely championed the "strenuous life ..

Roosevelt

In 1899, ________ argued that the United States, as a "great civilized power, "needed to take control of other regions of the world to bring "law, order, and righteousness "to "backward peoples ..

Roosevelt

On November 13, the ________ administration received its first ambassador from the newly independent Panama: Bunau- Varilla, who eagerly signed a treaty that extended the Canal Zone from six to ten miles wide.

Roosevelt

________ and others believed that the world was made up of "civilized "societies, such as the United States, Japan, and the nations of Europe, and those they described as "barbarous, ""backward, "or "impotent ..