Suspensions Part I

solution

liquid dosage form

solution (USP def.)

a preparation that contains one or more dissolved chemical substances in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

True

T/F: The defining characteristic of a solution is all solutes are uniformly dispersed as individual molecules

drug molecules, excipient molecules

What in a solution are present as individual molecules

False

T/F: There are particles in a solution

homogenous

A solution is what?

Homogeneous

Any sample of any size taken from any part of the container has the same concentration of all solutes as any other sample of any size taken from any other part of the container

True

T/F: Solutes do not separate from the solvent nor each other during storage.

less

The concentration of each solute in a solution is ____ than its solubility in the mixture

True

T/F: There are solution dosage forms designed for almost every route of administration

interchangeable

A solution is NOT …

highest dissolved concentration

The solubility of a drug is the _____ that can be prepared in a particular mixture

Polarity of the solvent system

The major factor on solubility is what?

Higher

Most things are soluble at what temperature?

Fridge temp & room temp

With storage temperature, need to consider the range of what 2 values?

Cosolvent

mixture of miscible liquids used as solid (ex.water & alcohol)

Complex agents

interaction w/ 2 differs compounds resulting in higher solubility

Soluble agents

self-form surfactants

Cosolvent, Complexing Agents, Solubilizing Agents

Some excipients may increase the apparent solubility of another solute in the mixture through …

Weak electrolytes solubility

What does solution pH determine?

2 – 8

The range of acceptable pH values for oral solutions is …

1 – 8

The range of pH values in the body is …

weak acids

Solubility of _____ increases as pH of the mixture is increased

weak bases

Solubility of _____ decreases as pH of the mixture is increased

Precipitation

A change in product pH due to adding anything to the solution may change the solubility of one or more solutes

This can cause what?

Highly polar

Water is …

Moderately polar

alcohol

polarity intermediate

Water & alcohol mixture have what?

Increase solubility of the drug/other solutes

What can excipients do to solutions?

True

T/F: There is a weighted average between water & alcohol when mixed.

Cyclodextrins

What is a common complexing agent

higher

The complex of itraconazole and ß-cyclodextrin has much ____ solubility in water than itraconazole alone

micelles form

Hydrophobic solutes partition into the micelle core, meaning that …

Excipients increasing drug solubility/other solutes

The following image is an example of what?

homogenous (no prep required), customizable doses, easily swallowed

What are the advantages for solutions?

packaging & ship are expensive

What of the disadvantages for solutions is that water is heavy, meaning that

chemical degradation reactions occur frequently in solutions

Why is the shelf life shorter in a solution than solid dosage form?

low

The solubility of some drugs is too ___ to make a solution with a reasonable volume

calibrated device, patient/caregiver training

For accurate dose measurement, what is required?