AP Psychology: Chapter 4: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs

Methadone

has the ability to control the symptoms of heroin or morphine withdrawal without the euphoria, or "high, "of heroin or morphine

Narcotics

are pain- relieving drugs of the depressant class that are derived from the opium poppy

Amphetamines

stimulants that are synthesized (made) in laboratories rather than being found in nature

Benzodiazepines

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

Nightmares

are bad or unpleasant dreams that occur during REM sleep

Hilgard

believed that a person under hypnosis is in a state of dissociation, in which one part of consciousness is hypnotized and susceptible to suggestion, while another part is aware of everything that occurs

Depressants

drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system- narcotics: a class of opium- related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins

Hypnosis

is a state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion

Withdrawal

physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems

Alcohol

is the most commonly used and abused depressant

Opium

is the earliest form of this drug and is highly addictive because it directly stimulates receptor sites for endorphins

Hallucinogens

are stimulants that alter the brain's interpretation of sensations, creating hallucinations

MDMA(Ecstasy or X)

designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

Sleep

is a circadian rhythm, lasting 24 hours, and is a product of the activity of the hypothalamus, the hormone melatonin, the neurotransmitter serotonin, and body temperature

PCP

synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects

Heroin

a narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

Insomnia

is an inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get enough sleep

Caffeine

is the most commonly used stimulant, found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and many sodas

psychological dependence

In ________, the user believes that he or she needs the drug to function well and maintain a sense of well- being

Microsleeps

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

Stimulants

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

Mescaline

natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus buttons

Consciousness

a person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

Psilocybin

natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms

Morphine

narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain

Restorative theory states

that sleep provides the body with an opportunity to restore chemicals that have been depleted during the day as well as the growth and repair of cell tissue

Circadian rhythm

a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24- hour period

Rapid eye movement (REM)

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream

bursts of activity

Stage Two sleep is indicated by the presence of sleep spindles, ________ on the EEG.

Stage Four

________ is predominantly delta waves and the body is at its lowest level of functioning.

Delta waves

long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

Physical dependence

condition occurring when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

REM behavior disorder

is a rare condition in which REM paralysis fails and the person moves violently while dreaming, often acting out the elements of the dream

Non REM (NREM) sleep:

any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

Amphetamines

are synthetic drugs such as Benzedrine or Dexedrine

Narcolepsy

is a genetic disorder in which the person suddenly and without warning collapses into REM sleep

Hypnosis

state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion

Marijuana

mild hallucinogen (also known as pot or weed) derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

Nicotine

the active ingredient in tobacco

Insomnia

the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

Stimulants

are drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system, particularly the sympathetic division and the central nervous system