Psychology Unit 2: Part 1 - Biological Bases of Behavior

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31 Terms

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dendrites
receive messages form other cells
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axon
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
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neurotransmitter
a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse
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synapse
the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle
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myelin sheath
covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
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neural impulse
electrical signal traveling down the axon
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chemical messengers
Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Endorphins
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serotonin
affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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dopamine
influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
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acetylcholine
enables muscle action, learning, and memory
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Electrode Recording
Insert an electrode into a part of the brain and record neural firing
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EEG
Measure overall brain electrical activity (measured in waves)
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CT Scan
X-ray of the brain
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MRI
Uses magnetic technology to get a picture of the brainā€™s soft tissue
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fMRI
Uses magnetic technology and measures blood flow to active areas
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PET Scan
Insert glucose into the patient, glucose goes to active areas of the brain (the brighter the color, the more neural activity)
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stimulation
Using electrodes, magnets, or chemicals, you induce firing in a certain part of the brain
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lesion
Cutting or burning of neural connections
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cerebral cortex
the thin layer on the top of your brain
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Frontal Lobe (Motor Cortex)
Speech, muscle movement, planning, personality
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Temporal Lobe (Sensory Cortex)
Primarily movement and sensations
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Parietal Lobe (Auditory Cortex)
Primarily auditory
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Occipital Lobe (Visual Cortex)
Primarily sight
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Brocaā€™s Area (Left Frontal Lobe)
Someone with damage to this area will not be able to speak
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Wernickeā€™s Area (Left Temporal Lobe)
Someone with damage will not be able to understand/comprehend speech
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The two halves of the brain are known as __________
hemispheres
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corpus callosum
a large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres, permitting communication between the right and left sides of the brain
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Left Brain
logic, problem-solving, math, language, etc.
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Right Brain
emotions, art, music, creativity, facial recognition
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plasticity
the brains ability to change and take over functions of damaged parts
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Phineas Gage
he survived a traumatic brain injury caused by an iron rod that shot through his skull and obliterated the greater part of his left frontal lobe