VET 123 exam

Which nutrient is considered to be the most important nutrient in the body?

Water

A deficiency of linoleic acid can cause what to occur in dogs and cats?

Skin infections

Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscle tissue as _________, which can be quickly metabolized when needed or converted to fat for long-term storage.

glycogen

___________________ must be consumed regularly because it cannot be stored in the body if in excess.

Protein

A lack of niacin (vitamin B3) can lead to what?

Ulceration of the tongue and mucous membranes

Which of the following nutrients supply energy?

Carbohydrates

Vitamins which can accumulate to toxic levels in the body include all except

B vitamin.

Which mineral is a component of thyroid hormones?

Iodine

Which of the following carbohydrates is considered to be a complex carbohydrate?

Glycogen

Vitamins are classified into fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin B

Dairy cows require ________ gallons of water to produce 1 gallon of milk.

3 to 5

Which of the following nutrients or elements is required to replace loses of that nutrient or element in urine, feces, and sweat?

Nitrogen

Dogs are considered to be which of the following?

Omnivore

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Calcium

Which term refers to the kilocalories (kcal) per unit of a food ingredient or pet food?

Energy density

During every examination when a fecal sample is requested the veterinary technician should educate the client about diseases that animals can transmit to people, known as ____.

zoonotic diseases

What is the transmission route for feline immunodeficiency virus?

Saliva

Initial wellness visits for puppies and kittens will end at approximately what age?

16 weeks

Veterinary technicians should always explain to clients that routine health examinations are important

so that problems can be detected early and treatments may have better outcomes.

For which of the following diseases is the vaccine typically administered transdermally?

Canine oral melanoma

Thyroxine levels for elderly cats are recommended for what reason?

Screening for hyperthyroidism

Feline leukemia virus is a retrovirus and can survive in the environment for how long?

48 hours

Which of the following describes how active immunity occurs?

When the immune system develops antibodies to antigens

Which of the following descriptions correctly defines the term adjuvants?

Substances that help stimulate a stronger immune response to antigens contained within a vaccine

The junior life stage of cats is defined by what age range?

7 months to 2 years

Why are tetanus toxoids administered annually to horses?

The causative agent is ubiquitous in the soil.

What is the transmission route for canine parvoviral enteritis?

Fecal-oral

What is the most common administration route for vaccines?

Subcutaneously

___________ are normal with feline herpesvirus infection and involve the virus lying dormant within the cat for a period of time. After stressful episodes for the cat, clinical signs of upper respiratory disease and/or viral shedding typically recur.

Latent infections

When using hydrotherapy for exercise, to obtain approximately 85% of normal weight bearing, where should the water level be?

At the level of the stifle

Immediately after veterinary spinal manipulative therapy (VSMT), the technician may be asked to massage the patient or walk the patient for several minutes to help the animal

“hold” the adjustment.

What causes thermal injury complications while providing therapeutic ultrasound?

Not moving the probe over the tissue

PROM stands for

passive range of motion.

Herbal extracts are made by

concentrating the herb in alcohol or glycerin.

Passive range of motion is the use of stretching to prevent the loss of what?

Normal range of motion

With the use of hydrotherapy, the hydrostatic pressure of water reduces what?

Edema

Hydrotherapy involves the use of water to promote physical activity. It takes advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature, buoyancy, and pressure, for therapeutic purposes. The viscosity and surface tension of the water

improve strengthening and proprioception.

Which of the branches of herbal medicine is the most widely practiced in veterinary settings?

Chinese

A goniometer used in physical therapy is used to measure what?

Range of motion of distal joints

Which of the following supplements inhibits enzymes that are responsible for cartilage degradation and decreases the production of inflammatory mediators?

Glucosamine

What is the main benefit of thermotherapy?

To increase circulation

The physiologic effects of acupuncture

include both systemic and local effects.

_____________ is the most commonly used massage stroke in animals. It is a gliding stroke that follows the contour of the body.

Effleurage

Chondroprotectants are oral or injectable medications that can help maintain the health of which of the following?

Cartilage cushions

Dogs do not have naturally occurring antibodies; therefore, with regard to red blood cells,

a transfusion reaction is less likely after a first transfusion.

Which type of fluid is used for subcutaneous administration?

Isotonic

Dextrose solutions greater than 2.5% should not be given subcutaneously

because skin sloughing and abscess formation may occur.

What is the most common blood type in cats?

Type A

To avoid adverse cardiac effects when administering potassium chloride, potassium should not be administered IV at a rate faster than which of the following?

0.5 mEq/kg/hour

Which type of fluids has an osmolality less than that of blood?

Hypotonic

Equine cross-matching may be difficult to interpret because of __________.

rouleaux formation

Which of the following is an example of isotonic crystalloids?

Lactated Ringer’s solution

To increase the likelihood of having a compatible blood donor in a horse you should

choose a donor horse of the same breed as the recipient.

Blood transfusion is likely to be necessary if the packed cell volume drops to below what level during an acute bleeding episode?

20% to 25%

When performing a fast calculation for a one-fourth shock dose of an isotonic crystalloid, which of the following is used?

10 mL/lb

One of the greatest concerns with volume overload from fluid therapy is

pulmonary edema.

In hospitalized patients, quantifying water losses can be accomplished by using urine collection devices, or by weighing fluids (vomit, diarrhea, and urine) collected in absorbable pads. This is achieved by weighing the soiled pads and then subtracting the weight of the pads themselves. When taking this approach

every gram of weight lost is equal to 1 mL of fluid loss.

Which phase of fluid therapy is aimed at restoration of vascular volume in an effort to reverse hypovolemia and/or a shock state?

Resuscitation phase

Which of the following solutions have an osmolality equal to that of blood?

Isotonic crystalloids

A useful guideline for RBC transfusion in dogs is that 2 mL/kg of whole blood or 1 mL/kg of packed RBCs will raise the PCV by

1%.

Why are cattle vaccines administered only in the neck region?

Preserves carcass merit

It is recommended by the AAFP that feline vaccines be given in the distal limb because

in the event of a local sarcoma the limb can be amputated.

Vaccines are dosed based on

amount needed to stimulate an immune response.

FIV-negative cats who receive the FIV vaccine will

test positive on the antibody-based FIV screening test.

Which of the following is not a clinical sign associated with Leptospirosis?

Diarrhea 

Before bringing a new cat or kittens into a household with other cats, the animal should be screened using blood tests for which two contagious diseases even if they appear healthy?

FIV and FeLV

Vaccines provide protection from infection from a pathogen for a certain length of time. This period is called the

duration of immunity.

The vaccine for which of the following feline viruses is not considered a core vaccine?

Feline Coronavirus

Veterinary technicians should be familiar with and educate clients on the benefit of spaying their pet. These benefits include all of the following except

mammary carcinoma.

Which of the following is NOT a fomite?

Puddle

The initial visit to a veterinary practice for a healthy puppy or kitten typically occurs at ____ weeks of age

6 to 8

At what age should dogs receive their initial Bordetella Vaccine?

8 weeks

There is a historic association with vaccine-associated sarcoma development in certain companion animals. Which animal is often linked with this condition?

Cats

Once a vaccine is reconstituted, it is no longer stable and should be administered within ________ of being reconstituted.

1 hour

_________________ is caused by a parvovirus. It is highly contagious and is commonly found in the environment; cats of all ages are susceptible. Clinical signs include fever, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Feline panleukopenia

Core vaccines are those

that are recommended for all animals of that species.

Which of the following is true regarding vaccination against Bang’s disease in cattle?

This vaccine is targeted for young heifers.

According to the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP), a cat is considered in which age group when it is 11 to 14 years old?

Senior

AAHA-AVMA Canine and Feline Preventive Health Guidelines recommend that adult dogs and cats be examined annually, with some animals requiring more frequent visits. _____ should be seen more than once per year.

Senior animals

How often should a typical horse have its hooves trimmed?

Every 6 to 8 weeks

When direct pressure is applied over an area of maximal tenderness of a taut muscle band or knot, the tissue becomes ischemic (blood is pushed out of the tissue), and when the pressure is removed, the tissue becomes hyperemic (blood quickly infiltrates the tissue). This massage techniques is called

trigger-point massage.

The Materia Medica

is a drug formulary for herbal remedies.

Nutraceuticals and chondroprotectants available to treat osteoarthritis include all of the following except

enkephalins.

When performing massage therapy on horses, which of the following is a common sign that the animal is relaxed?

Hanging the head

_______________________ exercises are used to improve strength, balance, and coordination.

Therapeutic

The massage motion where the hands are cupped, and strokes start at the caudal aspect of the ribs and move forward, which loosens up phlegm congestion in the lungs, is called

coupage.

______________ are naturally occurring and biologically active products that can be supplemented in a patient’s diet to provide a health benefit.

Nutraceuticals

The practice of injecting air subcutaneously to treat muscle atrophy is called

pneumo-acupuncture.

__________________ exercises emphasize the cardiovascular system and are whole body exercises.

Endurance

Which of the following is not considered a primary effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT)?

Decreased microbial populations

Hydrotherapy involves the use of water to promote physical activity. It takes advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature, buoyancy, and pressure, for therapeutic purposes. The hydrostatic pressure of the water

reduces edema.

The local effects of acupuncture include

muscle relaxation and spasm relief.

Hydrotherapy involves the use of water to promote physical activity. It takes advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature, buoyancy, and pressure, for therapeutic purposes. The buoyancy property of water

decreases stress on the joints.

_______________________ exercises are used to improve strength, balance, and coordination.

Therapeutic

__________________ can be defined as relief of pain and restoration of mobility and function.

Rehabilitation

_______________ exercises help a patient develop better body awareness.

Proprioception

What is the name of the therapeutic technique that uses sound waves to penetrate tissues and treat damaged areas of the body?

Therapeutic ultrasound

During what stage(s)During what stage(s) of inflammation should heat be applied?

Subacute and Chronic

Cryotherapy has what type(s) of effect on blood flow?

Vasoconstriction

Benefits of heat therapy include all except:

Decreased oxygen uptake